山东苹果园凹唇壁蜂种群的制约因子分析
Factors limiting Osmia excavata Alfken populations in apple orchards in Shandong Province
曹衍斌1, 2** 周仙红1 叶保华2 李丽莉1 卢增斌1 徐 衡1 李文强1 于
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.080
作者单位：1. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南 250100；2. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271000
中文关键词： 苹果，凹唇壁蜂，种群，生命表，致死因子
英文关键词：apple, Osmia excavata Alfken, population, life table, lethal factors
中文摘要：
【目的】 凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata Alfken是山东苹果园的主要授粉昆虫，明确影响凹唇壁蜂种群的自然因子，对于发挥其传粉生态服务功能有重要意义【方法】 本文应用生命表方法，比较研究了山东省6个地点的壁蜂种群参数。【结果】 各个地点的成茧率（7.64%~73.84%）和每管成茧数量（0.80~5.56）存在非常大的差异；6个地点的种群趋势指数大于1，变化范围为1.80~11.80；壁蜂种群的致死因子包括卵败育、螨寄生、蜂捕食和自然死亡，排除作用控制指数分别为1.07、1.10、1.03、2.53，各地所有致死因子的排除作用控制指数为1.19~5.50，如果没有寄生、自然死亡等因子，凹唇壁蜂种群将增加19%~450%。【结论】 自然死亡是限制山东省果园凹唇壁蜂种群的主要因子，因此需要加强凹唇壁蜂饲养管理，减少其自然死亡率。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To clarify the factors that limit Osmia excavata Alfken, one of the most important insect pollinators of apples in Shandong Province, and therefore maintain this important ecological service. [Methods] Demographic trends of O. excavata populations from 6 locations in Shandong Province were compared using life tables. [Results] There were significant differences in pupation rates (7.64%-73.84%) and numbers of pupae per tube（0.80-5.56）among the 6 locations. All population trend indices were > 1, varying from 1.80 to 11.80. The exclusive index of population control (EIPC) of eggs; un-hatched, parasitized, predation and natural death, were 1.07、1.10、1.03、and 2.53, respectively. Total EIPC of the 6 locations varied from 1.19 to 5.50, which indicates that O. excavata populations could potentially increase by 19% to 450% without those lethal factors. [Conclusion] Natural death of O. excavata is the main limiting factor in Shandong orchards, and improving their breeding management can decrease the natural mortality rate..