噻虫啉对西方蜜蜂王浆主蛋白、免疫和 记忆相关基因表达的影响
Effects of thiacloprid on the expression of major royal jelly protein genes, and immune and memory related genes, in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)
施腾飞；王宇飞；Sawyer Burton；许圣云；邓全艺；章文信
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.083
作者单位： 安徽农业大学植物保护学院，合肥 230036；安徽农业大学生命科学学院，合肥 230036； 安徽农业大学动物科技学院，合肥 230036
中文关键词： 西方蜜蜂，噻虫啉，王浆主蛋白基因，记忆相关基因，免疫相关基因
英文关键词：Apis mellifera, thiacloprid, major royal jelly protein gene, memory-related?gene, immune related gene
中文摘要：
【目的】 噻虫啉Thiacloprid是当今应用较为广泛的新烟碱类杀虫剂之一。研究表明亚致死剂量的噻虫啉不仅能够影响蜜蜂的采集和飞行能力，而且还能损害蜜蜂的免疫系统。本文主要探究了亚致死浓度的噻虫啉对西方蜜蜂5种王浆主蛋白基因Mrjp1, Mrjp2, Mrjp3, Mrjp4 和Mrjp5 4种免疫相关抗菌肽基因Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin1和Apidaecin以及 3种记忆相关基因Pka, Creb和 Nmdar1表达的影响。【方法】 对蜜蜂长期饲喂含有0.2 mg/L和2 mg/L噻虫啉的糖水10 d，然后运用荧光定量PCR技术分别检测了蜜蜂王浆腺中王浆主蛋白基因以及脑部免疫和记忆相关基因的表达变化。【结果】 0.2 mg/L和2 mg/L噻虫啉均能显著的抑制5种王浆主蛋白基因Mrjp1, Mrjp2, Mrjp3, Mrjp4, Mrjp5和Apidaecin的表达水平（P<0.05），而仅有2 mg/L噻虫啉处理能够能显著抑制Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin1和Nmdar1表达（P<0.05）。不过，0.2 mg/L和2 mg/L噻虫啉处理对另外两种记忆相关基因Pka和Creb表达没有显著影响。【结论】 亚致死浓度噻虫啉可能通过抑制王浆主蛋白基因的表达影响蜜蜂王浆腺的发育，而Nmdar1, Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin1和Apidaecin的下调表达则可能预示着噻虫啉对蜜蜂记忆能力生成和免疫系统的损害。我们的研究为深入探究噻虫啉对西方蜜蜂健康影响的分子机制提供了基础。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Thiacloprid is one of the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticides. Previous studies have shown that sublethal doses of thiacloprid adversely affect the foraging behaviour, navigation and immunocompetence, of honey bees. In this study, the effects of thiacloprid on five major royal jelly protein genes; Mrjp1, Mrjp2, Mrjp3, Mrjp4, and Mrjp5, four immune related antimicrobial peptide genes; Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin1 and Apidaecin, and three genes related to memory formation; Pka, Creb, and Nmdar1, were investigated in the honey bee Apis mellifera L.. [Methods] Bees were chronically exposed to 0.2 mg/L and 2 mg/L thiacloprid over 10 d after which expression levels of the five major royal jelly protein genes in the hypopharyngeal gland, and the immune and memory related genes in the brain, were measured using RT-qPCR. [Results] Exposure to both 0.2 mg/L and 2 mg/L thiacloprid significantly inhibited the expression of Mrjp1, Mrjp2, Mrjp3, Mrjp4, Mrjp5 and Apidaecin (P<0.05), whereas expression of Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin1 and Nmdar1 was only reduced by exposure to 2 mg/L thiacloprid (P<0.05). However, thiacloprid did not affect the expression of Pka and Creb. [Conclusion] The thiacloprid-induced decrease in Mrjp1, Mrjp2, Mrjp3, Mrjp4, and Mrjp5 expression may reduce hypopharyngeal gland development, whereas the down-regulation of Abaecin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin1, Apidaecin and Nmdar1 could be implicated in impaired memory and immune system performance. The results of this study suggest a potential molecular mechanism for some of the known negative effects of thiacloprid on honey bees.