基于线粒体16S rDNA和COⅡ基因的 三种高等白蚁分子鉴定与系统发育研究
Molecular identification and phylogeny of three termite species (Isoptera: Termitidae) based on the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and COⅡ genes
肖元玺；楚君鹏；李 琰；赵鹏飞；席玉强；宋安东；苏丽娟
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.057
作者单位：河南农业大学生命科学学院，郑州 450002；河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司，郑州450016； 河南农业大学植物保护学院，郑州 450002
中文关键词：线粒体DNA，16S rDNA，COⅡ，分子鉴定，系统发育
英文关键词：Sogatella furcifera, migration dynamics, mesoscale source areas, trajectory analysis
中文摘要：
【目的】 本文从分子水平对双工土白蚁Odontotermes dimorphus Li et Xiao、中华钩扭白蚁Pseudocapritermes sinensis Ping et Xu、商城奇象白蚁Mironasutitermes shangchengensis Wang et Li 3种白蚁科高等白蚁进行鉴定和系统发育分析。【方法】 利用PCR方法对上述3种高等白蚁线粒体16S rDNA和Cytochrome oxidase Ⅱ (COⅡ)基因进行扩增、测序，经比对和碱基分析后上传至GeneBank，并在数据库中选取白蚁相应基因进行遗传距离和差异碱基数目计算及系统发育研究。【结果】 16S rDNA和COⅡ基因片段长度分别约385 bp和720 bp，两个基因的AT碱基含量均远远大于GC，16S rDNA基因与3种高等白蚁遗传距离和差异碱基数目最少的是0.102和35，COⅡ基因为0.024和16，由16S rDNA和COⅡ两个基因构建的的系统发育树不一致，COⅡ基因构建的系统发育树比16S rDNA基因更符合科、属的关系。【结论】 通过16S rDNA和COⅡ基因序列均可将上述3种高等白蚁与其它白蚁区别开，COⅡ基因比16S rDNA基因更适合研究白蚁的系统发育研究，与3种白蚁亲缘关系最近的分别是黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus、台湾华扭白蚁Sinocapritermes mushae和高山象白蚁Nasutitermes takasagoensis。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To use molecular methods to identify and construct a phylogeny of three termite species; Odontotermes dimorphus Li et Xiao、Pseudocapritermes sinensis Ping et Xu and Mironasutitermes shangchengensis Wang et Li. [Methods] Mitochondrial 16S rDNA and COⅡ partial gene sequences of the three species were amplified, sequenced and compared. After Blast and base composition analysis, sequences were submitted to the GeneBank database and neighbor-joining trees of the phylogenetic relationships between these and 10 other termites species were constructed. [Results] The three 16S rDNA sequences are about 385 bp long, and the three COⅡ sequences are about 720 bp, long. The proportion of AT is much greater than that of CG in both genes. With respect to 16S rDNA, the minimum genetic distance and number of different nucleotides between the three focal species and the 10 other termite species termites are 0.102 and 35, whereas for COⅡ gene sequences these values are 0.024 and 16. Phylogenies based on the 16S rDNA and COⅡ sequences were consistent, but a phylogeny based on the COⅡ gene conformed more to the established taxonomic relationships between termites families and genera than that based on 16S rDNA. [Conclusion] All three termite species can be identified on the basis of variation in 16S rDNA and COⅡ gene sequences but the COⅡ gene is more useful for phylogenetic research than the 16S rDNA gene. The most closely related species to O. dimorphus,P. sinensis and M. shangchengensis were respectively Odontotermes formosanus、Sinocapritermes mushae and Nasutitermes takasagoensis.