韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对十三种有机肥的趋性研究
Preferences of adult Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang for 13 kinds of organic fertilizers
李晓莉；张利焕；曹 雪；庄乾营；于 毅；周仙红
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.060
作者单位：山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，山东省植物病毒学重点实验室，济南 250100； 寿光市化龙镇农业综合服务站，寿光 262700；潍坊科技学院，山东省高校设施园艺实验室，寿光 262700
中文关键词： 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊，成虫，有机肥，Y型嗅觉仪，趋性
英文关键词：Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, adult, organic fertilizer, Y-tube olfactometer, preference
中文摘要：
【目的】 通过研究韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang成虫对不同有机肥的趋性，为田间通过施肥防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊提供理论依据。【方法】 选取13种有机肥为实验材料，通过室内控制实验、Y型嗅觉仪实验及田间小区实验，研究了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对不同有机肥的产卵选择性及嗅觉行为趋性。【结果】 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对不同有机肥的趋性顺序为：豆粕、基质＞畜肥＞禽肥＞香油渣＞鹌鹑粪＞草木灰（P<0.05）。成虫对豆粕、基质、畜肥等表现为正趋性；对鹌鹑粪、腐熟鹌鹑粪和草木灰表现为负趋性，并且成虫在这3种肥料上的卵量及田间施用小区幼虫数量均显著低于对照（P<0.05）。 【结论】 田间可在成虫羽化初期合理施用腐熟的禽肥（鹌鹑粪等）或草木灰等，在提高韭菜产量的同时又减少成虫落卵数量，从而控制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生量。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To determine the preferences of adult Bradysia odoriphaga for different organic fertilizers and thereby provide a scientific basis for choosing fertilizers to control this pest. [Methods] Preferences of adult B. odoriphaga for different organic fertilizers were assessed in indoor controlled experiments, Y-tube experiments and field experiments. [Results] The relative preference for different organic fertilizers was as follows: soybean meal matrix > animal manure > poultry manure > sesame oil residue > quail manure > plant ash. There was a positive preference for soybean meal matrix and animal manure but a negative preference for quail manure, composted quail manure and plant ash. Moreover, oviposition and numbers of larvae produced on the latter three fertilizers were significantly less than on the control. [Conclusion] Using composted poultry manure and plant ash as fertilizers when adult B. odoriphaga are present could not only improve the efficacy of controlling this pest but also increase crop yield.