基于几何形态学方法的秦巴山区中华 蜜蜂翅形态变异研究
Geometric analysis of morphological variation in the wing of Apis cerana cerana from the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas
邱立飞；魏朝明；王俊杰；刘红霞；赵白雪；张 彧；廉振民
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.064
作者单位：陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119；陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119；陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119 ；陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119； 陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119；陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119；陕西师范大学，生命科学学院，药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室, 西安 710119
中文关键词：中华蜜蜂，秦巴山区，几何形态测量学
英文关键词：Apis cerana cerana, Qinling-Daba Mountains, geometric morphometric
中文摘要：
【目的】 本研究拟揭示陕西省秦巴山区的中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana翅形态变异规律，为研究中华蜜蜂种下形态分化提供依据。【方法】 基于几何形态测量学方法对陕西省秦巴山区17个样地的中华蜜蜂前翅进行量化分析，并结合主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）、典型变量分析（Canonical variate analysis, CVA）、薄板样条分析（Thin-plate spline, TPS）等方法探讨该地区中华蜜蜂形态分化规律及影响因素。【结果】 不同采样地的中华蜜蜂种群在翅大小上存在显著性差异，同时翅大小与所处地理位置存在显著的相关性。前翅形态变异主成分分析结果显示来自秦岭北坡的5个种群与秦岭南坡以及巴山地区的种群在PC1方向上存在一定的分化。TPS分析结果显示北坡5个采样地种群具有较宽的翅。马氏距离和普氏距离结果均显示秦岭北坡种群与秦岭南坡种群以及巴山种群之间均存在显著性差异，且秦岭南坡种群与巴山种群之间的差异较小。普氏距离随着地理距离的增大而变大，但南北坡之间存在一定的差异。【结论】 翅大小与其所处地理位置存在明显的相关性，海拔和纬度上的差异是造成翅大小变化的主要因素。处于秦岭北坡的种群与秦岭南坡以及巴山地区中华蜜蜂种群出现一定程度的翅脉形态分化。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To analyze morphological variation in Apis cerana cerana in the Qinling-Daba Mountain Regions of Shaanxi Province in order to provide evidence for further studies on the evolution of this species. [Methods] Geometric morphometric methods, including Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Variate Analysis and Thin-plate splines, were used to analyze wing variation in 17 A. c. cerana populations from the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas in Shaanxi. [Results] Wing size of A. c. cerana was significantly different among populations and there was a significant correlation between wing size and geographic location. The forewing shape of southern groups obviously clustered together on the positive PC1 axis, whereas that of northern groups clustered on the negative PC1 axis. Thin-plate spline analysis showed that southern and northern groups differ in wing shape. Significance testing for morphological differences among populations based on Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances indicate significant differences between southern and northern groups, and between northern and Bashan groups. However, the differences between southern and Bashan groups were distinctly smaller than those between the other groups. The correlation between Procrustes distance and geographic distance in southern and northern groups was positive, but there were differences in the degree of correlation. [Conclusion] A. c. cerana wing size varies geographically and altitude and latitude appear to be major factors affecting wing size. A. c. cerana populations from the northern Qinling Mountains differ to a certain degree in wing shape from those from the southern Qinling Mountains and the Daba Mountains.