北方富含天敌的功能植物的发现与应用
Discovery and utilization of a functional plant, rich in the natural enemies of insect pests, in northern China
杨泉峰1, 3 欧阳芳1 门兴元2 戈 峰1, 3**
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.115
作者单位：1. 中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，北京 100101；2. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所， 济南 250100；3. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049）
中文关键词：蛇床 功能植物 天敌昆虫
英文关键词：Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., functional plant, natural enemies
中文摘要：蛇床Cnidium monnieri（L.）Cuss.是我国大部分地区均有分布的一种具有重要药用经济价值的植物。我们于2012年6月最先在北方发现蛇床上富含瓢虫、食蚜蝇等天敌昆虫，具备功能植物的基本特征。进一步研究发现，蛇床可使天敌昆虫提前迁入，在麦田害虫发生之前助增天敌瓢虫迁入麦田控害，且作为小麦、玉米之间的廊道以及它们收获后天敌的保育场所，从而周年实现对害虫的生态调控。蛇床同时具有种植管理轻简，适生性强，种子不扩散到农田内部成为杂草，且具观赏功能等可应用特点。因此，通过作物周边种植蛇床，作为害虫生态调控的一种新途径，可为农民实现增收、减少化学农药的使用、改善生态环境，具有重要的经济价值、生态价值和社会价值。
英文摘要：
Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. is a plant with important medicinal, economic value
that is distributed in most parts of China. In June 2012，we
first discovered that it was rich in natural enemies of pest insects, such as
ladybugs and hoverflies, and has the basic feature of a functional plant. Further research found that Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. not only advanced the occurrance of predatory
insects and their movement into the wheat field to control insect pests, but that it can also act as corridor
between different wheat and as a shelter for natural enemies after the harvest.
In other words, Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. can promote the control insect
pests year-round in crop fields. Moreover, Cnidium
monnieri (L.) Cuss. has the advantages of being
easily planted and managed, is highly adaptable, does not spread into the
farmland to become a weed, and is ornamental. Therefore, Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. provides is a new way of
controlling pests that can increase farmers' income, reduce the use of chemical
pesticides and improve the environment, all of which have important economic,
ecological, and social benefits.