叶喷和土施化学药剂对柑橘木虱的防效研究
Comparison of the effectiveness of applying different pesticides to foliar spraying and soil-drench to control Diaphorina citri Kuwayama
程晓琴；赵 政； 夏长秀； 严 翔；章日华；张宏宇
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.081
作者单位：华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，中澳园艺和城市有害生物联合研究中心，城市与园艺昆虫研究所，武汉 430070； 赣州市柑桔科学研究所，赣州 341000；先正达（中国）投资有限公司植保开发部，海口 570125
中文关键词：柑橘木虱，毒力测定，叶面喷雾，土壤淋施，化学防治
英文关键词： Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, toxicity test, foliar spraying, soil-drench, chemical control
中文摘要：
【目的】 筛选对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama成虫具有高防效、低毒作用的杀虫剂，旨在为柑橘黄龙病 (Huanglongbing, HLB)的综合防控提供理论依据。【方法】 采用室内药膜法和田间生物测定，评价了12种化学药剂的毒力和防治效果，筛选出适合叶面喷雾和土壤淋施的高效低毒化学农药及其最佳使用浓度，为柑橘木虱化学防治的科学精准用药提供参考。【结果】 对12种药剂室内毒力测定结果表明，对柑橘木虱成虫毒力效果较好的是48%噻虫胺、45%毒死蜱、10%溴氰虫酰胺和20%呋虫胺，LC50分别为1.42、1.48、1.49、1.60 mg/L。田间叶面喷雾生测结果表明，20%呋虫胺和10%溴氰虫酰胺施药后7 d，防效均达到90%以上，综合防效优于其他10种药剂。土壤淋施生测结果表明，30%噻虫嗪的累积减退率在12 d时达到100%，显著高于其他4种药剂, 不同浓度筛选结果表明在施药后第7天，100 mg/L和150 mg/L的30%噻虫嗪防效均达到100%，且在施药30 d后其防效均在60%以上。【结论】 柑橘木虱化学防治田间叶面喷雾以150 mg/L的20%呋虫胺或100 mg/L的10%溴氰虫酰胺防治效果较好，且持效期长，而土壤淋施则100 mg/L的30%噻虫嗪防治效果最好，且持效期长，具有较大的应用价值。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To
identify pesticides that are
effective against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama but that have low environmental toxicity, and provide a theoretical
basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of citrus Huanglongbing
(HLB). [Methods] The toxicity and
effectiveness of 12 pesticides was evaluated using the indoor membrane method
and field bioassays. The effectiveness of low-toxicity pesticides suitable for
spraying on foliage and applying to soil was assessed and optimal
concentrations determined. [Results] Of the 12 pesticides tested for indoor
virulence, 48% Clothianidin, 45% Chlorpyrifos, 10% Cyantraniliprole and 20%
Dinotefuran were the most virulent to adult D.
citri with LC50 of 1.42, 1.48, 1.49, 1.60 mg/L, respectively.
The results of field leaf spraying tests showed that applying 20% Dinotefuran
and 10% Cyantraniliprole was c. 90% effective after 7 days with a comprehensive
effect better than that of the other 10 pesticides. The results of soil-drench
tests indicated a cumulative reduction rate of 30%. Thiamethoxam was 100%
effective after 7 days, significantly higher than the other four
pesticides tested. The efficacy of applying 30% Thiamethoxam to soil at
concentrations of 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L reached 60% after 30 days, and 100%
after 7 days. [Conclusion] 20%
Dinotefuran at 150 mg/mLor 10% Cyantranil at 100 mg/mL were the most effective
pesticides and dosages sprayed on foliage, whereas 30% Thiamethoxam at 100
mg/mL was the most effective pesticide applied to soil.