天敌对白毫早茶园四种害虫空间跟随关系 密切程度的年度间差异及其原因
Spatial relationships among natural enemies and four insect pests over two consecutive years
张书平；余 燕；李 尚；王振兴；王建盼； 周夏芝
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.090
作者单位：安徽农业大学林学与园林学院，合肥 230036；安徽农业大学理学院，合肥 230036
中文关键词： 4种害虫，8种天敌，空间关系，地学统计学，灰色系统分析
英文关键词： 4 kinds of pests, 8 kinds of natural enemies, spatial relationship geostatistics, gray system analysis
中文摘要：【目的】 为了合理保护和利用天敌及科学地选取抽样方法，2015年和2016年开展了合肥地区白毫早茶园八点广翅蜡蝉 Ricania speculum Walker、茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua Warren、花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybon和茶蚜Toxoptera aurantii Boyer与其天敌之间的空间关系研究。【方法】 运用地学统计学方法求得天敌和害虫各自的变程，用灰色关联度方法分析害虫与天敌变程的关联度，关联度值越大的天敌在空间上对害虫的跟随关系越密切。并分析比较害虫的同一种天敌与该害虫空间跟随关系密切程度年度间差异的原因。【结果】 8种天敌中，与害虫跟随关系密切的前3位天敌，2015年八点广翅蜡蝉的天敌是粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola Boes.et Str（0.859 3）、斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch（0.805 8）、草间小黑蛛Erigonidium
graminicolum Sundevall（0.804 7），2016年的是草间小黑蛛（0.806 2）、鳞纹肖蛸Tetragnatha squamata Karsch（0.792 9）、茶色新圆蛛Neoscona theisi Walckenaer（0.792 2），两年间前3位天敌中只有草间小黑蛛一种相同。2015年茶尺蠖的天敌是粽管巢蛛（0.7909）、八斑球腹蛛Theridion
octomaculatum Boes.et Str（0.790 4）、斜纹猫蛛（0.789 4），2016年的是茶色新圆蛛（0.877 7）、草间小黑蛛（0.872 0）、粽管巢蛛（0.823 0），两年间前三位天敌中也只有粽管巢蛛一种相同。2015年花蓟马的天敌是斜纹猫蛛（0.890 0）、八斑球腹蛛（0.878 9）和粽管巢蛛（0.843 5），2016年的是锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell（0.879 7）、八斑球腹蛛（0.866 5）和粽管巢蛛（0.855 3），两年间前3位天敌中有八斑球腹蛛和粽管巢蛛2种天敌相同，且位次相同。2015年茶蚜的天敌是锥腹肖蛸（0.819 9）、茶色新圆蛛（0.816 4）和鳞纹肖蛸（0.814 2），2016年的是茶色新圆蛛（0.840 7）、三突花蟹蛛Misumenops
tricuspidatus Fabr（0.814 7）和八斑球腹蛛（0.806 8），两年间前3位天敌中只有茶色新圆蛛一种相同。【结论】 初步分析表明年度间与害虫跟随关系天敌位次的变化主要是害虫和天敌数量之比的变化，害虫个体数与某种天敌个体数之比，比值越小，天敌与害虫跟随关系越密切，似乎是天敌食饵资源短缺所致。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To protect and utilize natural enemies, and
develop more scientific sampling methods, spatial relationships among natural
enemies of Ricania speculum, Ectropis
obliqua, Frankliniella intonsa and Toxoptera aurantii Boyer were investigated in the “Baihaozao” tea
gardens in suburban Hefei, China in 2015 and 2016. [Methods]
Ranges of spatial dependence (RSDs) of natural enemies were
calculated using geostatistics and the spatial relationships among predators
and pests were analyzed using grey relational analysis. This paper analyzes why
the spatial distribution of natural enemies of insect pests closely match that
of their hosts. [Results] Relational grade analysis
indicated that the spatial distribution of the three main natural enemies, Clubiona japonicola (0.859 3), Oxyopes sertatus (0.805
8) and Erigonidium graminicolum
(0.804 7) closely
matched that of Ricania speculum in
the “baihaozao” tea garden in 2015. However, in 2016, the three main enemies
were Erigonidium graminicolum (0.806
2), Tetragnatha squamata (0.792 9) and
Neoscona theisi (0.792 2), i.e. only one of the top
three predators was the same in both years. The spatial distribution of Clubiona japonicola (0.790 9); Theridion octomaculatum (0.790 4) and Oxyopes sertatus (0.789
4) also closely matched that of Ectropis
obliqua in 2015, but in 2016 the three main enemies were Neoscona theisi (0.877 7), Erigonidium
graminicolum (0.872 0) and Clubiona japonicola (0.823
0). Again, only one of the top three predators was the same in both years. The
spatial distribution of Oxyopes sertatus (0.890
0), Theridion octomaculatum (0.878
9) and Clubiona japonicola (0.843 5)
closely matched that of Frankliniella intonsa in 2015, but in 2016 the three
main enemies included Tetragnatha maxillosa (0.879
7), Theridion octomaculatum (0.866
5) and Clubiona japonicola (0.855 3);
only two of the top three predators was the same in both years although their
relative ranking was the same. The spatial distribution of Tetragnatha
maxillosa (0.819 9), Neoscona theisi (0.816
4) and Tetragnatha
squamata (0.814 2), closely matched that of T. aurantii in 2015. However, in 2016 the three main enemies were Neoscona theisi (0.840 7), Misumenops
tricuspidatus (0.814 7) and Theridion
octomaculatum (0.806 8); i.e. only one of the top three predators
was the same in both years. [Conclusion] The main reason for the observed changes
in the relative abundance of natural enemies of pests in different years is
annual variation in climate. The smaller the ratio between numbers of pests and
their natural enemies the closer the spatial relationship between them should
be because of greater competition among natural enemies for prey.