信息素促进凹唇壁蜂访花提高苹果 座果率和果实品质
Releasing Osmia excavata Alfken pheromones increases pollination activity and improves fruit set and quality
王丽娜1, 2** 闫 卓2 欧阳芳2 肖云丽3 曲诚怀4 叶保华1 门兴元5***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.120
作者单位：1. 山东农业大学，植物保护学院，泰安 271018；2. 中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室， 北京 100101；3. 山东省植物保护总站，济南 250100；4. 烟台市牟平区农业技术推广中心，烟台 264100； 5. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南 250100
中文关键词：信息素，苹果，凹唇壁蜂，授粉效率，座果率，品质
英文关键词：pheromone, apple, Osmia excavata, pollination efficiency, fruit set, fruit quality
中文摘要：
【目的】 凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata Alfken是我国北方早春重要的果树传粉昆虫之一，但是其访花活动容易受到早春低温等不良天气的影响。为应对低温等不良天气，研究信息素（蜜蜂活动增强剂）对凹唇壁蜂活动规律、苹果树花朵座果率以及果实产量的影响具有重要意义。【方法】 测定苹果树在释放信息素与不释放信息素的条件下，凹唇壁蜂的访花活动规律、花朵座果率及果实产量等数据。【结果】 苹果对凹唇壁蜂授粉的依赖程度为0.95。释放信息素区域的凹唇壁蜂访花效率是对照的1.34倍，显著提高苹果的座果率，增加程度为12%；增加平均单果重3.53 g；显著提高0.15 mg/100 g的维生素C含量。【结论】 在低温等不良环境条件下，可以通过释放信息素等人工管理措施，提高授粉昆虫对作物的访花效率，进而改善作物品质，提高作物产量，减少损失。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To
investigate the effect of releasing a pheromone (Bee activity enhancer) to
overcome the effects of adverse weather conditions on the pollination
efficiency of Osmia excavata Alfken, one of the most important
pollinators in northern China. [Methods] We compared O. excavata activity levels, fruit set and fruit yield at sites
where the pheromone was released to that at sites where it was not released. [Results] The dependence of apples on O. excavata for pollination was 0.95.
The flower-visiting efficiency of bees in pheromone treated orchards was 1.34
times higher than in control orchards, and releasing pheromone significantly
increased the fruit set of apples. Releasing pheromone also increased mean
apple weight by 3.53 g, and improved fruit quality by increasing the content of
vitamin C by about 0.15 mg/100 g. [Conclusion]
Releasing pheromone in apple orchards
can counteract the adverse effects of low temperature by increasing the
frequency at which O. excavata visits
flowers, thereby improving fruit quality, raising fruit yield and reducing
fruit loss.