【目的】 为了探究云南省熊蜂属的地理分布和物种多样性特点。【方法】 基于2009-2018年在云南采集的35种5 655号熊蜂标本信息，利用经纬度0.5°×0.5°方格内的物种组成分析云南境内熊蜂的地理区划，利用方格内物种数量分析物种丰富度，根据所采集的标本数量分析云南境内熊蜂的物种多度。  【结果】 云南省熊蜂属区系可划分为云南高原（Ⅰ）和横断山区（Ⅱ）2个大区，其中，云南高原包括西部-中部亚热带中山峡谷区（Ⅰ1）、南部热带低山宽谷区（Ⅰ2）、东南部亚热带岩溶山地河谷区（Ⅰ3）、东部亚热带高原谷盆区（Ⅰ4）和东北部亚热带中山河谷区（Ⅰ5）5个小区，横断山区又可分为西部亚热带高山峡谷区（Ⅱ1）、中部温带高山峡谷区（Ⅱ2）和西北部高寒草甸区（Ⅱ3）3个小区。在云南8个地理小区中，Ⅱ3的熊蜂物种丰富度最高（20种），其次为Ⅰ3、Ⅱ2、Ⅰ1、Ⅰ5、Ⅰ4和Ⅱ1，Ⅰ2最低（3种）。横断山区的物种数量明显高于云南高原，其中（27.00°-27.50°N，99.50°-100.00°E）小格是云南境内物种丰富度最高的区域（18种）。弗里熊蜂Bombus friseanus和短头熊蜂B. breviceps是云南境内的优势蜂种，这2种熊蜂的个体数量接近云南境内35种熊蜂总数量的50%；相反，中华熊蜂B. chinensis、雀熊蜂B. richardsiellus和贝拉熊蜂B. bellardii等物种在云南境内则非常稀有。【结论】 受地形和气候的影响，云南熊蜂地理分布特征明显，境内优势种较少，稀有种较多，应该加强保护力度。

 [Objectives]  To describe the distribution patterns and diversity of bumblebees in Yunnan province. [Methods]  We studied a sample of 5 655 bumblebee specimens of 35 species collected throughout Yunnan province between 2009 and 2018. Regional divisions and species richness were analyzed by comparing species composition and the number of the species present within grid cells of 0.5° longitude × 0.5° latitude, and species abundance was quantified as the number of individuals per species. [Results]  The bumblebee fauna of Yunnan can be divided into two regions, the Yunnan plateau (Ⅰ) and the Hengduan mountains (Ⅱ). The Yunnan plateau region can be further subdivided into five smaller subregions, which include the western to central part of the subtropical mid-mountain canyon community (Ⅰ1), the south tropical low-mountain valley community (Ⅰ2), the southeast subtropical karst mountain river valley community (Ⅰ3), the eastern subtropical plateau basin community (Ⅰ4) and the northeastern subtropical mid-mountain river valley community (Ⅰ5). Similarly, the Hengduan mountain region can also be subdivided into three smaller subregions, which include the western subtropical alpine canyon community (Ⅱ1), the middle temperate alpine canyon community (Ⅱ2) and the northwestern, high, cold alpine, meadow community (Ⅱ3). Bumblebee species richness in these eight communities can be ranked in descending order; Ⅱ3, Ⅰ3, Ⅱ2, Ⅰ1, Ⅰ5, Ⅰ4, Ⅱ1 and Ⅰ2. The highest richness (18 bumblebee species) was found in grid cell (27.00°-27.50°N，99.50°-100.00°E) in the Hengduan mountain region. Two species, Bombus friseanus and B. breviceps, were highly abundant, comprising almost 50% of all specimens collected. Conversely, some species, including B. chinensis, B. richardsiellus and B. bellardii, were very rare. [Conclusion]  Distinct distribution patterns of bumblebees in Yunnan probably reflect differences in topography and climate. Two species, B. friseanus and B. breviceps, were relatively common, but several species were very rare. Further research should be conducted to ensure the conservation of rare species.