[Objectives]  Tropilaelaps mercedesae is one of the most devastating pests of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) in Asia and causes significant economic losses to the beekeeping industry in China. We evaluated the survival, viral infection status, and sugar syrup and pollen consumption, of honey bees infested by T. mercedesae. [Methods]  Newly emerged infected and uninfected workers were collected from brood combs and reared in incubator for 15 d. Worker bee survival was measured using the Kaplan-Meier method. A surplus of syrup and pollen were fed ad libitum each day, and sugar syrup and pollen consumption was calculated daily and over the duration of the experiment. Viruses (BQCV, DWV, VDV-1, ABPV, CBPV, IAPV, SBV, CSBV) were detected in day 7 larvae, in newly emerged bees, and in adults that had been reared for 15 d. [Results]  T. mercedesae significantly decreased the survival, and increased the sugar syrup and pollen consumption, of honey bees. We found DWV in day 7 larvae, and DWV and IAPV in newly emerged bees in both experimental groups. DWV was not found in parasitized individuals reared for 15 d, however, BQCV, DWV, IAPV and VDV-1 viruses were found in adults that had been parasitized by T. mercedesae. [Conclusion]  The number of virus species in honey bees parasitized by T. mercedesae increased over time compared to the control group. Even if T. mercedesae does not cause morphologic change in some honey bees, it may lead to an increase in the number of viruses. The replication of viruses and the resultant increased immune response of honey bees may increase the energy consumption of the latter, thereby reducing their survival.