温度对象虫金小蜂发育和繁殖的影响
Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
郭 军1** 戴仁怀1*** 杨 洪1, 2 杨茂发1, 2 胡大鸣3 张晓敏3 王
点击：1664次 下载：19次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.029
作者单位：1. 贵州大学昆虫研究所，贵阳 550025；2. 贵州大学烟草学院，贵阳 550025；3. 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司，贵阳 550025
中文关键词：象虫金小蜂；发育速率；发育起点温度；有效积温；数学模型
英文关键词：Anisopteromalus calandrae; developmental rate; developmental threshold temperature; effective accumulated temperature; mathematical model
中文摘要：【目的】为明确温度对象虫金小蜂Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard)发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】 本文研究了5个温度梯度下以烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne为寄主的象虫金小蜂的存活率、发育历期、成虫寿命和产卵量等生物学特性的变化，采用最小二乘法计算出各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。用线性回归、Logistic模型以及“王-兰-丁”模型对温度与象虫金小蜂发育速率的关系进行拟合。【结果】象虫金小蜂卵孵化率随温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势，当温度为25 ℃时，象虫金小蜂的孵化率最高，达到88.67%；象虫金小蜂幼虫期存活率随温度升高而逐渐降低；温度与各虫态的发育历期之间呈明显的负相关，即随着环境温度升高，发育历期明显缩短。象虫金小蜂成虫寿命随温度升高呈现缩短趋势，22 ℃平均寿命长达17.88 d，31 ℃平均寿命仅为9.89 d，成虫产卵量则随着温度的升高而升高。全世代发育起点温度为17.81 ℃，有效积温为138.48 日·度；各参数表明直线模型和Logistic模型比“王-兰-丁”模型更能拟合象虫金小蜂发育速率与温度之间的关系。【结论】温度对象虫金小蜂种群发育和繁殖具有显著影响，25-31 ℃是象虫金小蜂生长发育和繁殖的最适温度范围。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To explore the influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of experimental populations of Anisopteromalus calandrae. [Methods] The duration of different developmental stages of A. calandrae were measured at 5 different temperatures. The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were calculated using the least square method and the relationship between temperature and developmental stage was modelled using linear regression, a Logistic model and a “Wang-Lan-Ding” model. [Results] The hatching rate of A. calandrae first increased, then decreased, with temperature. The highest hatching rate of larvae (88.67%) occurred at 25 ℃. Larval survival decreased with temperature and there was a significant negative correlation between temperature and the developmental duration of each instar; i.e. the developmental period was significantly shorter at higher temperatures. The lifespan of adult A. calandrae tended to decrease with temperature; average life expectancy at 22 ℃ was 17.88d, whereas that at 31 ℃ was only 9.89d. Female fecundity increased with temperature. The developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature for a generation were 17.81 ℃ and 138.48 degree·days, respectively. A linear regression and Logistic model more closely approximated the relationship between development rate and temperature than the "Wang-Lan-Ding" model. [Conclusion] Temperature has a significant effect on the development and reproduction of A. calandrae and the optimum temperature range for the growth and reproduction of this species is between 25-31 ℃.