纳米技术在害虫绿色防控领域的应用与展望
Prospects for the application of nanotechnology in green pest control
闫 硕 ；沈 杰
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.072
作者单位：中国农业大学昆虫学系和农业部有害生物监测与绿色防控重点实验室，北京 100193；中国农业大学昆虫学系和农业部有害生物监测与绿色防控重点实验室，北京 100193
中文关键词：纳米材料；RNA干扰；Bt毒蛋白；核型多角体病毒；纳米杀虫剂
英文关键词：nanomaterial; RNA interference; Bt toxin; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; nano insecticide
中文摘要：近些年，纳米技术在农业领域发展迅猛，推动了传统农业在交叉学科领域的不断发展和深化。目前已利用纳米载体实现了四个方面的功能与应用：纳米载体携带外源dsRNA突破害虫体壁屏障，调控害虫生长发育；纳米载体携带专性病毒DNA毒杀非寄主害虫，扩大病毒防治谱；纳米载体携带Bt毒蛋白高效杀死非敏感害虫，治理害虫抗药性；纳米载体携带杀虫剂提升利用率、降低使用量、拓展防治谱。本文结合最新研究进展，重点介绍了纳米技术在害虫绿色防控领域的研究进展和应用现状，并对纳米技术在绿色防控领域的研究与应用作了展望。
英文摘要：Agricultural nanotechnology has developed rapidly in recent years, promoting the gradual development of traditional agriculture as an interdisciplinary field. Nanocarriers have four functions and applications. The first is to deliver dsRNA to penetrate the body wall, thereby regulating the development and growth of pests. The second is to deliver viral DNA to kill non-host pests, thereby broadening the host-range of viruses. The third is to deliver Bt toxin to kill non-sensitive pests, which provides new possibilities for the management of pesticide resistance. The fourth is to deliver pesticides, which can increase the rate of pesticide use while at the same time, decreasing the amount of pesticides applied and broadening the range of pests under control. Based on recent researches, this paper reviews progress on the research and application of nanotechnology in green pest control, and discusses future prospects for research on, and utilization of, this technology.