双尾新小绥螨防治菜豆土耳其斯坦叶螨的释放技术研究
Optimizing the release of Neoseiulus bicaudus to control Tetranychus turkestani on string beans
符振实；苏 杰；董 芳；韩国栋；张建萍
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.087
作者单位：新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室，新疆建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地，石河子大学农学院，石河子 832000；新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室，新疆建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地，石河子大学农学院，石河子 832000；新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室，新疆建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地，石河子大学农学院，石河子 832000；新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室，新疆建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地，石河子大学农学院，石河子 832000；新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室，新疆建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地，石河子大学农学院，石河子 832000
中文关键词：双尾新小绥螨；土耳其斯坦叶螨；生物防治；益害比
英文关键词：Neoseiulus bicaudus; Tetranychus turkestani; biological control; release ratio
中文摘要：【目的】 明确双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus防治菜豆上土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani的最佳释放比例、释放时期和释放次数。【方法】 在室内盆栽和田间菜豆植株上，通过不同害螨起始密度、不同益害比以及不同释放频次，定时定点调查土耳其斯坦叶螨的种群数量，比较不同处理下，双尾新小绥螨对土耳其斯坦叶螨的防效。【结果】 室内盆栽试验中，益害比为1︰1与1︰5和1︰10之间的防效差异较小，防效在50%以上，益害比1︰15和1︰30的防效均在50%以下。田间试验中，益害比为1︰5释放双尾新小绥螨对菜豆土耳其斯坦叶螨的防效均在81.65%以上，在释放后第28天达到了95.16%。益害比为1︰10和1︰20的防效持续28 d保持在64.01%以上。1︰20在一次释放后第2天的防效为64.27%，经过二次释放，第4天后的防效均在91.72%以上。害螨起始高密度（60头/株）下释放双尾新小绥螨，防效均在26%以下，低密度（15头/株）和中密度（30头/株）的防效均在48.44%以上。【结论】 双尾新小绥螨对菜豆上土耳其斯坦叶螨有很好的控制效果，推荐在土耳其斯坦叶螨危害较轻时，按益害比1︰10或者1︰20（二次）释放双尾新小绥螨，确保较高的防效和较少的双尾新小绥螨释放量。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To evaluate the optimal release ratio, release period and release frequency of the predatory mite Neoseiulus bicaudus to control the spider mite Tetranychus turkestani on string beans. [Methods] The number of T. turkestani on potted string beans and outdoor string bean crops was counted at fixed times and locations under different initial mite densities, different release ratios and different release frequencies. [Results] In the indoor experiment, the difference in control between different release ratios (predator: prey) of 1︰1, 1︰5 and 1︰10 was small, with control above 50% in all treatments. However, control following release ratios of 1︰15 and 1︰30 was less than 50%. In the field experiment, a predator prey: ratio of 1︰5 achieved control of above 81.65%, reaching 95.16% on the 28th day after release. Predator prey： ratios of 1︰10 and 1︰20 achieved 64.01% control for 28 days, and a predator prey: ratio of 1︰20 (two releases) was 64.27% the second day after the first release, and above 91.72% on the fourth day after the second release. At an initial high density (60 individuals/plant), the control effect of N. bicaudus on T. turkestani was less than 26%, but at moderate to low initial prey densities control was above 48.44%. [Conclusion] N. bicaudusis is an effective biological control agent for T. turkestani on string beans. To ensure the best results we suggest that N. bicaudus should be released at a ratio of 1︰10 or 1︰20 (two releases) when the spider mite population is relatively low.