载体植物在温室作物害虫生物防治中的应用
Banker-plant system for biological control of pests in greenhouse-grown crops
潘明真；刘同先
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.102
作者单位：青岛农业大学植物医学学院，山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室，青岛 266109；青岛农业大学植物医学学院，山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室，青岛 266109
中文关键词：载体植物系统；天敌昆虫或捕食螨；增补式生物防治；替代寄主/猎物
英文关键词：banker plant system; natural enemy and predatory mites; augmentative biological control; alternative host/prey
中文摘要：增补式生物防治是利用天敌昆虫或捕食螨防治害虫最常用的方法，释放的天敌昆虫或捕食螨能否成功建立稳定种群，是决定其持久高效控害的首要关键因素。然而在生产应用中，经常因释放的天敌昆虫或捕食螨不能成功定殖而无法达到理想的防治效果。载体植物系统是天敌饲养和释放的新方法，结合了增补式和保护式生物防治的优点，既能实现天敌昆虫或捕食螨的大量饲养，又能为释放的天敌昆虫或捕食螨提供替代食物和栖息场所，促进其建立稳定的种群，对实现天敌昆虫或捕食螨高效持久控害具有重要的意义。本文系统介绍了载体植物系统的构建、国内外研究现状，指出了现存的问题，并给出相应的建议。
英文摘要：Augmentative biological control using predatory or parasitic insects and predatory mites is frequently applied in pest management. Establishing self-sustaining populations of released biological control agents is the key factor affecting the success of biological control. In augmentative biological control, released biological control agents cannot sustain their population size and suppress pests effectively. The Banker plant system is a new concept for biological control. This system is considered a combination of augmentative and conservation biological control strategies. The banker plants increase the survival and reproduction of biological control agents by providing alternative hosts/prey and optimal habitats, so that they can sustain a long-term suppression of pests. In this review, we summarize recent progress and theory on the utilization of banker plant systems for the biological control of crop pests under greenhouse conditions. We also discuss existing problems in banker plant system research and utilization, and make practical suggestions for implementing such systems effectively.