我国城市昆虫学研究的回顾与展望
Advances in, and future prospects for, urban entomology in China
魏丹丹；苗泽青；涂艳清；何 旺；王 磊；豆 威；王进军
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.129
作者单位：昆虫学与害虫控制工程重庆市重点实验室，西南大学植物保护学院，重庆 400715； 西南大学农业科学研究院，重庆 400715
中文关键词：城市害虫；抗性机制；害虫综合治理；仓储害虫；园林害虫
英文关键词：urban insect pest; resistance mechanism; integrated pest management; stored product pest; garden pest insects
中文摘要：我国城市昆虫学的研究兴起于20世纪80年代中期，此后，该领域的研究获得了长足的进展。城市生态系统不同于自然或农业生态系统，特别是城市化的进程对城市昆虫的生物学特性造成显著影响，致使城市害虫拥有自身的特点，其综合治理的理念和措施也相应有所变化。城市害虫主要包括卫生害虫、仓储害虫、园林害虫等，相关领域的研究也日益成为昆虫学家关注的焦点。本文从城市昆虫在城市化作用下的生物生态学基础、城市害虫群落发生特点、基因组测序概况、抗性分子机制以及城市害虫综合治理体系等方面入手，阐述城市害虫暴发成灾的内因及其抗性综合治理策略的制定原则。同时，本文对城市昆虫学未来研究方向和防控策略进行了展望，以期为我国城市害虫生物学特性及其防控策略的制定提供依据。此外，文中还讨论了基于分子生物学或昆虫不相容技术的具有应用前景的几种防控策略。
英文摘要：The study of urban entomology in China began in the mid-1980s and great progress has since been made in this field. Urban ecosystems differ from natural or agricultural ecosystems because urbanization has a significant impact on the biology of urban insects. Urban pests have their own characteristics, and the concepts and methods of integrated pest management therefore need to be modified to suit urban environments. Urban pests mainly include health pests, storage product pests and garden pests. Research on urban pests has increasingly become of interest to entomologists. In this review, we mainly focus on the ecological traits of urban insects, the characteristics of the urban pest community, the status of genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of resistance and integrated pest management in urban ecosystems. We also describe the internal causes of urban pest outbreaks and the principles for formulating integrated pest control strategies. Meanwhile, future research directions and prospects for new control methods for urban pests are discussed to provide a basis for developing new control strategies for these pests in China. Finally, we also discuss several control strategies based on molecular, or insect incompatibility, technology that could be promising additions to future urban IPM programs.