不同地区苹果绵蚜对三种杀虫剂的抗性监测
Resistance of Eriosoma lanigerum to three insecticides in different areas
张昌振；郭 磊；陈麒兆；杜凌君；周 昊；万方浩；周洪旭
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.135
作者单位：青岛农业大学植物医学学院，山东省植物病虫害综合防控实验室，中澳农业与环境健康联合研究院，青岛 266109；中国农业科学院深圳农业基因研究所，深圳 518120
中文关键词：苹果绵蚜；LC50；抗性监测；阿维菌素；高效氯氰菊酯；吡虫啉
英文关键词：Eriosoma lanigerum; LC50; insecticide resistance monitoring; avermectin; cypermethrin; imidacloprid
中文摘要：
【目的】 了解苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum对不同类别杀虫剂的抗药水平，为田间苹果绵蚜化学防控过程中的药剂选择提供理论基础。【方法】 2018年6-7月间，采用玻璃管药膜法测定了3省14个地区苹果绵蚜对阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和吡虫啉的抗药性。【结果】 研究表明，西安杨凌地区苹果绵蚜种群对阿维菌素的抗性水平最低，LC50值仅为6.813 mg/L；烟台招远地区苹果绵蚜种群对阿维菌素的抗性水平最高，LC50值为79.496 mg/L。多数地区苹果绵蚜种群对高效氯氰菊酯的抗药水平较低，其中烟台龙口地区抗药水平最低，LC50值为4.341 mg/L，烟台栖霞地区抗药性最高，LC50值为37.689 mg/L。青岛即墨地区苹果绵蚜种群对吡虫啉的抗性水平最低，LC50值仅为5.261 mg/L；烟台招远地区苹果绵蚜种群对吡虫啉已经产生了中等水平的抗性（RR=10.859），LC50值为57.128 mg/L。不同虫态抗药性检测表明，除了烟台蓬莱地区的若蚜对阿维菌素和吡虫啉出现了抗药性提高的现象外，其它大部分苹果绵蚜3龄若蚜对药剂的抗性与成蚜相近。【结论】 苹果绵蚜在北方大部分地区对常用杀虫剂的抗药性保持在低水平或敏感状态。在今后防治中应继续坚持交替轮换的用药原则，防止苹果绵蚜抗药性的产生。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To assess the resistance of Eriosoma lanigerum to different kinds of insecticides, and provide a theoretical basis for selecting insecticides to control of this pest in the field. [Methods] The resistance of E. lanigerum to avermectin, cypermethrin and imidacloprid in 14 regions of 3 provinces was determined using the glass tube membrane method from June to July 2018. [Results] The lowest LC50 value to avermectin, 6.813 mg/L, was recorded in Yangling, Xi'an, and the highest, 79.496 mg/L, was recorded in Zhaoyuan, Yantai. Resistance to cypermethrin was low in most areas; the Longkou area in Yantai had the lowest resistance (LC50 = 4.341 mg/L) and the Qixia area, also in Yantai, had the highest (LC50 = 37.689 mg/L). Resistance to imidacloprid was lowest in the Jimo area of Qingdao (LC50 = 5.261 mg/L), and moderate in the Zhaoyuan area of Yantai with an RR of 10.859 and an LC50 value of 57.128 mg/L. The results of insecticide resistance tests show that resistance of third instar nymphs was similar to that of adult aphids, except that nymphs in the Penglai area of Yantai had increased resistance to avermectin and imidacloprid. [Conclusion] Resistance of E. lanigerum to commonly used insecticides remains low in most areas of northern China. Alternating between different pesticides should be continued to prevent and delay the development of resistance in this pest.