加州新小绥螨和巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力比较
Comparison of Neoseiulus californicus and Neoseiulus barkeri as biological controls for Tetranychus urticae
王 蔓；李 波；黄 婕；门兴元；季 洁；刘永杰；尹淑艳
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.136
作者单位： 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018；泰安市林业局，泰安 271000；山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南 250100；福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所，福州 350013
中文关键词：加州新小绥螨；巴氏新小绥螨；二斑叶螨；功能反应；捕食选择；捕食干扰
英文关键词：Neoseiulus californicus; Neoseiulus barkeri; Tetranychus urticae; functional response; prey selection; predation interference
中文摘要：【目的】 比较加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus和巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的捕食能力，为果园二斑叶螨生物防治剂的选择提供依据。【方法】 采用捕食功能反应的方法研究加州新小绥螨和巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食作用。【结果】 加州新小绥螨和巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均属于Holling Ⅱ型，对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食能力均随着螨态的增大而降低，对卵的捕食能力最强，其次是幼螨、第一若螨、第二若螨、成螨。巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨的捕食能力强于加州新小绥螨，功能反应参数a/Th值分别高出55.2%和30.1%，而加州新小绥螨对二斑叶螨第一若螨、第二若螨的捕食能力强于巴氏新小绥螨，a/Th值分别高出67.5%和114.5%，两种捕食螨对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食能力相当，a/Th值均为4.5。加州新小绥螨和巴氏新小绥螨均对二斑叶螨的卵和幼螨表现出嗜食性，而对若螨和成螨没有嗜食性。两种捕食螨对二斑叶螨的捕食存在种内干扰，加州新小绥螨的干扰系数（0.328）大于巴氏新小绥螨（0.324）。【结论】 在室内环境稳定的条件下，加州新小绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力强于巴氏新小绥螨。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To compare the effectiveness of Neoseiulus californicus and Neoseiulus barkeri as biological controls for Tetranychus urticae and thereby determine which species would be the better biological control for T. urticae in orchards. [Methods] The predation of adult female N. californicus and N. barkeri on different developmental stages of T. urticae was studied in the laboratory using the functional response method and the functional response of N. californicus and N. barkeri to different developmental stages of T. urticae were fitted to the Holling II equation. [Results] The predatory capacity of these two predatory mites decreased with spider mite size. Predation was greatest on eggs, followed by larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs and adults. The capacity of N. barkeri to prey on eggs and larvae of T. urticae was stronger than that of N. californicus; the values of the functional response parameter a/Th were 55.2% and 30.1% higher, respectively. The capacity of N. californicus to prey on protonymphs and deutonymphs of T. urticae was greater than that of N. barkeri; a/Th values were 67.5% and 114.5% higher, respectively. The capacity of both predatory mites to prey on adult female T. urticae was similar (a/Th = 4.5). Both N. californicus and N. barkeri preferred T. urticae eggs and larvae to nymphs and adults. There was evidence of intraspecific interference in the predation of N. californicus and N. barkeri on T. urticae. The interference coefficient of N. californicus was slightly higher than that of N. barkeri. [Conclusion] N. californicus has greater capacity to prey on T. urticae than N. barkeri under stable laboratory conditions.