苹果园二斑叶螨高效防治药剂筛选
Selection of control chemicals for Tetranychus urticae Koch
李 强；门兴元； 徐清芳；于 毅；张安盛；孙廷林；李丽莉
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.137
作者单位：山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，山东省植物病毒学重点实验室，济南 250100
中文关键词：二斑叶螨；防治药剂；防治策略
英文关键词：Tetranychus urticae; control pesticides; control strategy
中文摘要：【目的】 为解决当前苹果园二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae抗药性高、防治效果差、用药量大的问题，评价当前登记药剂及果园正在使用的药剂对二斑叶螨的防治效果。【方法】 采用室内生测的方法比较了10种登记药剂，9种果园正在使用的药剂对二斑叶螨的毒力效果。【结果】 选用的登记药剂中，80%的药剂对二斑叶螨效果差，甚至失去控制作用，防治效果低于66.67%，仅双甲脒、阿维菌素48 h防效在92.68%以上；果园常用药剂螺螨酯、虫酰肼、噻虫啉对二斑叶螨均表现出很好的防治效果，48 h防效达到84.09%-100%。【结论】 目前80%以上的登记单剂药剂对二斑叶螨失去了防控效果，这是果园二斑叶螨防效差的主要原因，常用药剂螺螨酯、虫酰肼、噻虫啉等对二斑叶螨防效好。建议增加高效药剂登记或更换防治药剂，保证对二斑叶螨的防效，降低果园用药量，提高果园用药系统的精准性。二斑叶螨防治不能仅依赖化学药剂，要充分发挥果园生态系统的自然控害功能，延缓抗药性发展。
英文摘要：[Objectives] In order to solve the problems of high resistance, undeal effect and large dosage in the control of Tetranychus urticae in orchards, the control effects of registered pesticides and pesticides in use in orchards on Tetranychus urticae were evaluated. [Methods] The toxicity of 10 registered pesticides and 9 pesticides in use in orchards on T. urticae were bioassayed in lab. [Results] Eighty percentage of the registered pesticide got bad effect, which was less than 66.67%. Only Amitraz and Avermectin had more than 92.68% control effect in 48 hours. Spirodiclofen, tebufenozide and thiacloprid, which are used currently in orchards, all showed good control effect, which could reach 84.09%-100% within 48 hours. [Conclusion] At present, more than 80% of the registered single pesticides have lost their control effect on T. urticae, which is the main reason for the bad control effect in orchards. Spirodiclofen, tebufenozide and thiacloprid, have good control effect on T. urticae. our result suggests to add the registration of highly effective pesticides or change the pesticides, which can ensure the control effect, reduce the dosage of pesticides and increase the accuracy of medication system in orchards. Controlling T. urticae should not only rely on chemical pesticides, but also give full play to the natural control function of the orchard ecosystem, to decrease the insecticide-resistance.