无患子长斑蚜（半翅目：斑蚜科） 生物学特性研究
Biological characteristics of Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae)
陈连根；毕庆泗；周玲琴；周定瑞；李融梅
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.149
作者单位：上海植物园，上海 200231；上海市普陀区社区绿化管理所，上海 200062；上海植物园绿化工程有限公司，上海 200231
中文关键词：无患子长斑蚜；形态特征；生物学特性；无患子；上海
英文关键词：Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi); morphology; biology; Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; Shanghai
中文摘要：【目的】 明确无患子长斑蚜Tinocallis insularis (Takahashi）生物学特性。【方法】 在2016年，作者通过野外采样调查、室内镜鉴、室内饲养，较为系统地研究了无患子长斑蚜形态特征、世代历期、消长规律。【结果】 本文对无患子长斑蚜的形态特征进行了描述。在温度（22.5±1）℃下，无患子长斑蚜干母、干雌以及后代的世代历期各平均为11.7、6.8、8.0 d，有翅孤雌蚜单头日产仔量1-5头，总产仔量12-27头，成蚜寿命4-12 d；在室温条件下，无患子长斑蚜干母、干雌以及后代的世代历期各平均为13.3、9.8、8.4 d。无患子长斑蚜一年至少发生10代，以卵在枝条上越冬，翌年3月下旬至4月上旬卵孵化。无患子长斑蚜从3月下旬开始发生，5月中旬-6月上旬其种群达到高峰，6月中旬开始下降，6月下旬-9月底几乎不见；10月上旬又开始上升，10月下旬至11月上旬，出现第2个小高峰，11月中旬后又下降，最后于12月中旬以卵在枝条上越冬。雌性蚜于10月下旬开始发生，11月中、下旬最多，12月12日后很少。【结论】 在上海地区，无患子长斑蚜是景观树种——无患子的主要害虫。无患子长斑蚜以卵在枝条上越冬，翌年3月下旬至4月上旬卵孵化。全年，5月中旬-6月上旬蚜虫种群达到一个大高峰，10月下旬-11月上旬其种群达到一个小高峰，6月下旬-9月下旬蚜虫几乎不见。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To clarify the biological characteristics of Tinocallis
insularis (Takahashi). [Methods]
The morphology, generation periods, growth and decline rules of Tinocallis
insularis were systematically studied by conducting field surveys,
microscopic observation and captive rearing in Shanghai in 2016. [Results] The morphological characteristics of T. insularis are described. At T: (22.5±1) ℃, the average generation periods of the fundatrix,
fundatrigenia and later generations were 11.7, 6.8 and 8.0 days, respectively. A single alate viviparous female produced
1-5 nymphs daily and 12-27 nymphs over its lifetime. The adult life span was
4-12 days, and at room temperature, the average generation periods of the fundatrix,
fundatrigenia and later generations were 13.3,
9.8 and 8.4 days, respectively. T. insularis has at least 10
generations per year in Shanghai and overwinters as eggs on the branches of Sapindus mukorossi. Egg hatch from late
March to early April the following year. These aphids began to appear in late
March, the population peaked from mid-May to early June, began to decline in
mid-June, and became very
rare from late June to late September. They began to appear again in early
October and had a second small
population peak from late October to early November before declining in
mid-November and overwintering as eggs in mid-December. Oviparous females began
to occur in late October, reached peak abundance in mid- to late November, then
became very rare after December 12th. [Conclusion] T. insularis is a major pest of the landscape tree, S. mukorossi, in Shanghai
district. These aphids overwinter as eggs on the branches which hatch from
late March to early April in the following year. The population has a major
peak from mid-May to early June, a smaller peak from late October to early
November, and is rarely seen from late June to late September.