害虫生态调控作为害虫管理的一种“高级”策略，主要基于“预防为主，生态优先，整合治理，精准施策”的原则，通过调节与控制两个相辅相成的过程，整合包括生态调控技术、现代生物技术、农业防治、生物防治、理化诱控技术以及合理的化学防治等手段，构建“经济、简便、有效”的生态工程技术体系，将害虫控制在生态经济阈值水平之下。同时，它也是害虫管理的一种技术，包括景观生态设计、功能植物种植、推拉技术、生态自杀技术、作物合理布局、健康作物环境调控技术等措施。本文重点阐明了作为害虫管理策略与害虫管理技术“二重性”的害虫生态调控概念，明确了害虫生态调控的4项基本原理、6大独特技术和4个指导思想，比较了害虫生态调控策略与害虫综合治理策略的特征，解析了害虫生态调控技术与农业防治、生物防治的区别和联系，指出了未来害虫生态调控发展的趋势。

To reduce the risk from pesticides to humans and the environment, many growers have switched from conventional pest control methods to the ecological regulation and management of pests (ERMP). An "advanced" kind of integrated pest management (IPM), ERMP places strong emphasis on the crop protection principle of " prevention first, making ecology a priority, using integrated management and precise implementation". The Implementation of ERMP depends on integrating all available management methods, including ecological tactics, agricultural control, biological control, physical control, modern biotechnology and reasonable chemical control, to keep pests below the eco-economic threshold level. Furthermore, ERMP is also a kind of pest management technology, which makes use of habitat manipulation, functional plant, push-pull, ecological suicide, crop ratio and crop health. This paper presents the conceptual framework, four fundamental principles, six unique tactics and four guidelines, of the ERMP strategy, and describes the relationship between strategy and technology in ERMP. It is important to note that ERMP and IPM are not mutually exclusive; ERMP is a subset of IPM. The development of more reliable ERMP practices should allow growers to achieve the more economic, ecological and social benefits.