区域性景观组成对玉米苗期捕食性天敌的生态学效应
Ecological effects of farmland landscape composition on predator populations during the maize seedling stage
张晴晴；李 超；李丽莉；欧阳芳；宋莹莹；卢增斌；董 松；于 毅；门兴元
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.009
作者单位：山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南 250100；中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室， 北京 100101；中国科学院大学，生物互作卓越创新中心，北京 100049
中文关键词：景观组成；玉米苗期；捕食性天敌；种群数量
英文关键词：landscape composition; maize seedling stage; predators; population quantity
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确区域性景观组成对玉米苗期捕食性天敌的生态学效应，可为开展玉米田有害生物生态调控提供理论基础。【方法】 以山东省92块玉米田为研究区域，基于玉米苗期捕食性天敌种群数量、试验点的遥感影像和土地覆盖类型分类数据，运用混合效应模型分析了耕地、居住工业交通、草地、林地、水体5种土地覆盖类型的面积比例对玉米苗期捕食性天敌种群数量的影响。【结果】 共调查到3 744头捕食性天敌，其中草间小黑蛛Erigonidium
graminicolum（55.29%），龟纹瓢虫Propylaea
japonica（25.32%），小花蝽Orius similis（6.73%），八斑球腹蛛Theridion octomaculatum（4.01%），异色瓢虫Harmonia
axyridis（3.58%）和三突花蛛Misumenops
tricuspidatus（3.47%）为主要捕食性天敌。发现林地和水体生境对龟纹瓢虫的种群数量有显著的正效应，草地和水体生境对三突花蛛的种群数量有显著的正效应，水体和林地生境对捕食性天敌的总数量有显著正效应。【结论】 华北农田景观中非作物生境作为捕食性天敌的资源库，在玉米苗期捕食性天敌维持中起重要作用。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Understanding the ecological effects of regional landscape composition on the natural predators of maize pests during the maize seedling stage could provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of pests in maize field. [Methods] Research was conducted at 92 sample points in corn fields in Shandong province. Based on population dynamics, remote sensing imaging and land cover classification data, we used a mixed effects model to analyze the effects of cropland, residential industrial traffic, grassland, forest and water, on predator populations during the maize seedling. [Results] A total number of 3 744 predatory species were identified, of which the most abundant were Erigonidium graminicolum (55.29%), Propylaea japonica (25.32%), Orius similis (6.73%), Theridion octomaculatum (4.01%), Harmonia axyridis (3.58%) and Misumenops tricuspidatus (3.47%). Forest and water habitat had a significant positive effect on the abundance of Propylaea japonica, and grassland and water habitat had a significant positive effect on the abundance of Misumenops tricuspidatus. Water and forest habitat had a significant positive effect on the overall number of predatory species. [Conclusion] Non-crop habitat plays a crucial role in maintaining populations of the natural predators of maize pests during the maize seedling stage in the north China farmland landscape.