小尺度下景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的调控
Landscape diversity regulates diamondback moth populations on small spatial scales
张 杰；何玮毅；杨 广；黄 斌；侯有明
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.010
作者单位：闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室，福建农林大学应用生态研究所，福州 350002； 教育部害虫生态防控国际合作联合实验室，福建农林大学，福州 350002； 农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，福建农林大学，福州 350002； 福建省昆虫生态重点实验室，福州 350002
中文关键词：小菜蛾；丰富度；自然生境；天敌；可持续控制
英文关键词：diamondback moth; abundance; natural habitat; natural enemies; sustainable control
中文摘要：
【目的】 小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella 危害十字花科蔬菜严重，通过分析景观多样性对小菜蛾种群及其天敌蜘蛛的影响，寻求一种可持续控制小菜蛾的方法。【方法】 在福建省选择不同农业景观多样性的采样点，分析半径分别为25, 50, 100 m空间范围内不同景观类型组成，调查田间小菜蛾种群的丰富度、产卵量和取食量，以及天敌蜘蛛的丰富度，分析景观多样性对小菜蛾种群的影响。【结果】 随自然生境比例增加，小菜蛾种群丰富度显著降低，其产卵量受到影响，但对其取食量没有显著影响，蜘蛛的种群丰富度也显著升高。主成分分析表明草地、林地和水域等生境面积都与小菜蛾种群丰富度呈负相关关系，且草地的负相关性最强。【结论】 在半径小于100 m的空间范围内，提高农业景观多样性，特别是增加草地的面积，有助于提高对田间小菜蛾种群的控制。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To develop a sustainable method for controlling the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which inflicts serious damage on cruciferous vegetable crops, by investigating the effects of landscape diversity on DBM and predatory spider populations. [Methods] Sampling sites were chosen based on an increasing diversity gradient in Fujian Province and the landscape composition was analyzed at radii of 25, 50, 100 m. The effect of landscape diversity on DBM abundance, fecundity and crop damage, and on spider abundance, was analyzed. [Results] DBM abundance decreased significantly as the percentage of natural habitat increased. Its fecundity was highest in landscapes with moderate diversity but there was no significant landscape effect on crop damage. Spider abundance had the opposite trend. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates negative correlations between the percentage of grassland, forest and water and DBM abundance. [Conclusion] Improving landscape diversity, specifically maintaining more grassland, is an effective way of controlling DBM at spatial scales less than 100 m.