【目的】 本实验旨在探究蜂花粉是否对高脂血症大鼠的肠道菌群具有调节作用。【方法】 设置80、400和800 mg/kg 3个蜂花粉剂量组，另外设置高脂模型组和空白对照组，对高脂血症大鼠持续灌胃60 d后，利用16S rDNA测序技术测定大鼠直肠内容物中的菌群结构及多样性。【结果】 高脂血症大鼠肠道中的细菌多样性相比空白对照组有下降趋势，且经过蜂花粉灌胃后并不能逆转这种趋势。从门水平上分析，5个组的大鼠肠道中厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes和疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia占总细菌的95.8%以上。从属水平上分析，与空白对照组相比，3个蜂花粉剂量组的大鼠肠道中拟杆菌属Bacteroides、粪球菌属Coprococcus和副普雷沃氏菌属Paraprevotella丰度显著下降（P < 0.05）；与高脂模型组相比，3个蜂花粉组大鼠肠道中艾克曼菌属Akkermansia丰度上升（P > 0.05），而蜂花粉中剂量组大鼠肠道中拟杆菌属Bacteroides丰度显著上升（P < 0.05）。【结论】 蜂花粉对高脂血症大鼠肠道微生物结构具有一定的调节作用。

[Objectives]  To investigate whether bee pollen regulates the gut flora of hyperlipidemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). [Methods]  Hyperlipidemic rats were given three doses of bee pollen (80, 400 and 800 mg/kg) over 60 days, after which the structure and diversity of their gut bacteria was determined using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. [Results]  The alpha diversity index (Shannon, Simpson) and richness index (Chao, Ace) indicate that the diversity of the rats’ gut bacteria declined, and that this was not reversed by bee-pollen gavage. The Firmicutes, Bacteroides and Verrucomicrobia accounted for more than 95.8% of all bacteria found in all three treatment groups. The abundance of Tenericutes in the high fat model group, and in the low and medium dose bee pollen groups, decreased significantly (P < 0.05), compared to the control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides, Coprococcus and Paraprevotella decreased significantly in all three pollen- treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Bacteroides abundance in the medium pollen-dose group increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the abundance of Akkermansia in all three pollen-treatment groups increased (P > 0.05) compared to the high-fat model group. [Conclusion]  The gut bacteria of hyperlipidemic rats can be altered by bee pollen.