华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫龄期的划分
Determination of larval instars of Holotrichia oblita (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)
陆俊姣；任美凤；李大琪；高晓云；杨 静；董晋明
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.124
作者单位：山西农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031；山西农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031；山西农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031；山西农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031；山西农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031；山西农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031
中文关键词：华北大黑鳃金龟；幼虫；龄数；龄期；头壳宽；单眼间距；触角间距
英文关键词：Holotrichia oblita; instar number; instar duration; head capsule width; eye spacing; antenna spacing
中文摘要：
【目的】 华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann)是一种为害严重的地下害虫，幼虫期较长，龄期区分困难。为明确华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的发育状况，准确进行龄期划分，进而为预测预报及其防治提供理论依据。【方法】 通过测量华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫体宽、头长、头壳宽、触角长、触角间距、单眼间距、上唇宽和体重8项指标，根据所测数据的频次分布图及Dyar法则推测幼虫虫龄数，运用Crosby法则、线性回归和指数回归的方法进行验证。【结果】 经测量分析，头壳宽、单眼间距和触角间距符合 Dyar 法则和Crosby法则并呈现明显的线性回归关系，可作为龄期划分的重要指标，验证其龄期为3龄。1-3龄幼虫头壳宽度分别为1 496-4 260 μm、4 261-6 631 μm、6 631-9 000 μm。1-3龄幼虫触角间距分别为500- 2 840 μm、2 841-3 880 μm、3 881-5 700 μm。1-3龄幼虫单眼间距分别为1 000-4 120 μm、4 121-6 070 μm、6 071-8 800 μm。【结论】 华北大黑鳃金龟幼虫可分为3龄，头壳宽、单眼间距和触角间距宜作为幼虫龄期划分的标准。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Holotrichia oblita is a kind of serious subterranean pest with long larval stage, which is difficult to distinguish the instar. In order to clarify the development status of the larva and accurately classify the instar, the theoretical basis is provided for the prediction and prevention measures. [Methods] Instars of H. oblita were studied by measuring 8 indexes of body width, head length, head capsule width, antenna length, antenna distance, ocellus distance, upper lip width and body weight. A frequency distribution analysis and the Dyar’s rule were used to determine the number of larval instars, which was tested using Crosby’s growth rule and linear regression and exponential regression. [Results] We found that the larvae of H. oblita could separated by head capsule width, eye spacing and antenna spacing into 3 instars. The range of head capsule width from the 1st to 3th instar was 1 496-4 260 μm, 4 261-6 631 μm, 6 631-9 000 μm. The range of antenna spacing from the 1st to 3th instar was 500-2 840 μm, 2 841-3 880 μm, 3 881-5 700 μm. The range of eye spacing from the 1st to 3th instar was 1 000-4 120 μm, 4 121-6 070 μm, 6 071-8 800 μm. [Conclusion] The results indicated that head capsule width, eye spacing and antenna spacing could be used for the separation of instars, and that the larvae of H. oblita have 3 instars.