脑控制和调节所有动物的行为，昆虫也不例外，构建脑神经髓结构图谱有利于阐明其对行为调控的神经机制。目前，除一些模式昆虫的脑图谱被构建外，大多数昆虫仅针对少数易识别的神经髓（如视叶、触角叶和蕈形体等）进行了三维重建，而对脑内大部分区域还未描述，这与其结构的复杂性有关。随着共聚焦显微成像和计算机三维重建技术的发展，人们有机会获取全脑的结构信息，并构建出三维可视化的图谱，这为研究全脑神经髓的功能提供了重要平台。特别是果蝇全脑神经髓的系统命名法的建立，极大的推动了昆虫脑神经髓结构的研究进展。本文对昆虫脑的结构组成、免疫染色方法、标准脑构建及脑神经髓命名等方面进行综述，提出在构建脑神经髓图谱过程中需要注意的问题及解决办法，这将为推动国内昆虫脑神经髓图谱的构建提供参考。

The construction of brain atlases can help reveal the neural mechanisms responsible for the regulation of behavior in animals, including insects. Published brain atlases of a few model insect species currently serve as general references, but there are currently no comprehensive atlases for many other species. With the exception of a small number of easily recognized neuropils (such as the optic lobe, antennal lobe and mushroom body), many brain regions remain uncharacterized due to their structural complexity. With the development of confocal microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction technology, more detailed information on the whole brain can be obtained and construction of three-dimensional visualization maps, an important platform for the study of brain function, has become possible. The establishment of a systematic nomenclature for the whole brain of Drosophila melanogaster has greatly accelerated the construction of atlases of insect brain neuropils. This paper reviews recent information on the structural composition of the insect brain and the technology used to construct brain atlases, proposes solutions to several key problems that must be addressed during this process, and provides a reference for promoting the construction of brain atlases of Chinese insects.