【目的】 通过研究不同电磁场强度对辣椒生长发育、生理代谢、田间害虫和天敌种群数量的影响，客观评价特高压电场曝露对植物和昆虫的生态环境安全性。【方法】 将田间种植的辣椒持续曝露在强度为0、2和10 kV/m的电磁场下，测定辣椒在不同强度电磁场下的生长发育和氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶，SOD；过氧化氢酶，CAT；过氧化物酶，POD）和解毒酶活性（谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶，GST），并调查不同强度的电磁场下辣椒田间害虫和天敌种群数量。【结果】 随着曝露时间的增长，2 kV/m强度电磁场处理下5月30日、6月10日调查到的辣椒株高较0 kV/m和10 kV/m处理组显著增加（P<0.05），2 kV/m强度电磁场处理下辣椒茎粗较0 kV/m和10 kV/m处理组显著增加（P<0.05），调查后期（6月10日、6月20日）2 kV/m强度电磁场处理下叶绿素的含量与0 kV/m无明显差异、显著高于10 kV/m。酶活力测定结果表明，总体上来说空白对照组的酶活力是低于处理组（2 kV/m、10 kV/m）酶活力的，2 kV/m处理下辣椒苗期和花期POD和GST活力显著高于对照处理（P<0.05），10 kV/m处理下辣椒结实期SOD和POD活力显著高于2 kV/m处理（P<0.05），而2 kV/m和10 kV/m处理下辣椒结实期CAT活力显著低于0 kV/m处理（P<0.05）。害虫种群动态结果表明，10 kV/m处理下黄守瓜Aulacophora indica（Gmelin）和瓜蓟马Thrips fevas Schrank种群数量显著低于2 kV/m处理（P<0.05），而2 kV/m处理下瓜蚜Catton aphid种群数量显著高于10 kV/m处理（P<0.05）。天敌种群动态结果表明，10 kV/m处理下草间小黑蛛Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall，1829)和中华草蛉Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder种群数量显著高于0 kV/m和10 kV/m处理（P<0.05）。【结论】 2 kV/m电磁场对辣椒的生长发育有促进作用，10 kV/m电磁场处理可显著增加辣椒结实期的SOD和POD酶活力。随着电磁场强度的增加，10 kV/m处理下，辣椒植株上主要害虫黄守瓜和瓜蓟马种群数量显著降低，而10 kV/m处理下田间天敌草间小黑蛛和中华草蛉种群数量显著增加。

[Objectives]  To evaluate the effect of different UHV electric fields on the development of pepper plants, and on populations of insect pests and their natural enemies on these plants, in order to evaluate the environmental safety of UHV electric fields for both plants and insects. [Methods]  Pepper plants were continuously exposed to three UHV electric fields (0, 2, 10 kV/m) in the field, and their growth and the enzyme (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, Peroxidase POD, glutathione sulfhydryl transferase, GST) activity in their leaves, measured and compared. Populations of pests and their natural enemies were also quantified. [Results]  Plants in the 2 kV/m electric field treatment were significantly taller and had thicker stem diameters than those in the 0 kV/m and 10 kV/m treatments (P<0.05). Plants in the 2 kV/m electric field treatment and also had significantly higher SOD and POD activity than those in the 0 kV/m and 10 kV/m treatments during the seedling and flowering period (P<0.05). SOD and POD activity increased significantly in the 10 kV/m electric field treatment compared to the 2 kV/m treatment (P<0.05). However, CAT activity was significantly lower in the 2 kV/m and 10 kV/m electric field treatments than in the 0 kV/m treatment. With respect to pest abundance, significantly fewer Aulacophora indica and Thrips flevas were found in the 10 kV/m electric field treatment than in the 2 kV/m treatments (P<0.05). However, Aphis gossypol numbers were significantly higher in the 2 kV/m electric field treatment relative to the 10 kV/m treatments (P<0.05). With respect to the natural enemies of pests, significantly more Hylyplantes graminicola and Chrysoperla sinica were found in the 10 kV/m electric field treatment than in the 0 kV/m and 2 kV/m treatments (P<0.05). [Conclusion]  Pepper plants grew significantly better in the 2 kV/m than in the 0 kV/m and 10 kV/m electromagnetic field treatments. However, SOD and POD enzyme activity were significantly increased in the 10 kv/m UHV electric field treatment during the fruiting stage. Numbers of the pests A. indica and T. flevas were significantly lower, and numbers of their natural enemies H. graminicola and C. sinica significantly higher, in the 10 kV/m UHV electric field treatment than the 0 kV/m and 2 kV/m treatments.