高压静电场胁迫对苦瓜生理代谢及主要害虫与天敌种群的影响
Effects of a high voltage electric field on the physiology and metabolism of arthropod populations on balsam pear crops
李雪梅；刘兴发；张建功；郑晓旭；何帅洁；肖能文；吴 刚
点击：1242次 下载：34次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.006
作者单位：1. 华中农业大学植物科技学院，武汉 430070；2. 电网环境保护湖北省重点实验室，中国电力科学研究院，武汉 430074； 3. 中国环境科学研究院生态研究所，北京 100012
中文关键词：电磁场曝露；苦瓜；叶绿素；酶活力；害虫；天敌
英文关键词：UHV power transmission; balsam pear; chlorophyll; enzyme activity; pests; natural enemies
中文摘要：
【目的】 通过研究不同高压静电场对苦瓜生理指标、田间害虫和天敌种群数量的影响，为国家电网对输变电工程电磁辐射的预防及管理提供实践指导。【方法】 在田间试验中，苦瓜持续曝露在强度为0、2和10 kV/m的极低频电磁场下，测定其农艺性状和酶的活性变化，并调查苦瓜田间害虫和天敌的种群数量。【结果】 在10 kV/m电磁场处理下，苦瓜总功能叶片数在6月份（6月10日、6月20日）显著低于2 kV/m处理的（P<0.05）。酶活力测定结果表明，电磁场曝露对苦瓜苗期保护酶活力无影响。2 kV/m 处理下苦瓜花期叶片POD活力显著高于0 kV/m 和10 kV/m处理（P<0.05）。10 kV/m电磁场处理下苦瓜结实期叶片POD和SOD活力显著高于2 kV/m处理（P<0.05）。害虫和天敌种群调查结果表明，10 kV/m处理下，苦瓜害虫的数量（黄守瓜Aulacophora indica (Gmelin)、中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev、瓜绢螟Diaphania indica和红蜘蛛 Tetranychus cinnbarinus）显著高于2 kV/m处理和0 kV/m处理下的（P<0.05）。10 kV/m电磁场处理下，苦瓜田间天敌种群数量（中华草蛉Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder和大腹园蛛Araneus ventricosus (L. Koch)）显著高于0 kV/m和2 kV/m处理组的（P<0.05）。【结论】 高强度10 kV/m电磁场可对苦瓜的总功能叶数和光合作用有一定的抑制作用。短期电磁场曝露对苦瓜苗期保护酶活力无显著影响，但随着苦瓜在电磁场曝露时间的延长，苦瓜植株可通过增加保护酶（POD和SOD）活力提高对电磁场辐射的防御反应，10 kV/m电磁场强度对苦瓜田间主要害虫和天敌种群数量有显著的促进作用。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To study the effect of
high-voltage electrostatic fields on the physiology and metabolism, and the
diversity and number of pests and their natural enemies, on balsam pear crops,
in order to provide practical guidance for understanding the effects of
electromagnetic radiation from the State Grid. [Methods] In the field
experiment, balsam pear plants were continuously exposed to three kinds of
extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (0, 2, 10 kV/m), and their
growth and enzyme activity in their leaves measured. Populations of pests and
their natural enemies under the three UHV electric fields were also measured
and compared. [Results] Plants in the 10 kV/m electric field
treatment had significantly fewer
functional blades than those in the 2 kV/m treatment in June (June 10, June 20)
(P<0.05). Electromagnetic field
intensity had no effect on protective enzyme activity during the seedling
period. However, plants in the 2 kV/m electric field treatment had significantly higher POD activity
than those in the 0 kV/m and 10 kV/m treatments during the flowering period (P<0.05). Moreover, SOD and POD activity
increased significantly in the 10
kV/m treatment compared to the 2 kV/m treatment during the fruiting period (P<0.05). Significantly
more of the pest species Aulacophora indica, Adelphocoris suturalis, Diaphania indica and Tetranychus
cinnbarinus were found on
plants in the 10 kV/m treatment than on those in the 0 kV/m, 2 kV/m
treatments (P<0.05).
Significantly more Chrysoperla sinica and Araneus ventricosus, natural enemies of the above pests, were found
in 10 kV/m treatment than in the 0 kV/m, 2 kV/m treatments (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Balsam pear plants in the 2
kV/m treatment group grew significantly better than those in the 0 kV/m and 10
kV/m treatments, and the 10 kV/m UHV treatment significantly increased SOD and
POD enzyme activity during the fruiting stage. The high-voltage 10 kV/m
treatment inhibited the total number of functional leaves and photosynthesis.
Short-term electromagnetic field exposure had no significant effect on
protective enzyme activity during the seedling period. Protective enzyme (POD
and SOD) activity increased with duration of exposure to electromagnetic
radiation. Exposure to a high-voltage electrostatic field of 10 kV/m increased
the abundance of both pests and their natural enemies.