挥发性脂肪酸铵盐在诱捕白纹伊蚊中的应用研究
Effectiveness of ammonium salts of volatile fatty acids as a lure for trapping Aedes albopictus
吴 华；戴建青；陈大嵩；黄 鸿；郑基焕
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.017
作者单位：广东省科学院动物研究所，广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室，广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室，广州 510260
中文关键词：脂肪酸铵盐；陷阱诱捕法；白纹伊蚊；增效；相似相溶
英文关键词：ammonium salts of fatty acids; trap trapping; Aedes albopictus; synergism; similarity and intermiscibility
中文摘要：
【目的】 评价6 种化合物及其混合物在野外现场对白纹伊蚊Aedes
albopictus成虫诱捕的效果。【方法】 采用陷阱诱捕法分别测定了乙酸、丙酸和辛酸3种脂肪酸及其铵盐对白纹伊蚊的诱捕效果，并分析了几种引诱物对白纹伊蚊活性的影响及其规律。【结果】 在供试的6 种化合物中，乙酸、丙酸和辛酸 3种脂肪酸及其铵盐(乙酸铵、丙酸铵和辛酸铵)诱捕效果显著，同剂量的各化合物对白纹伊蚊的诱蚊效果依次是乙酸＞丙酸=辛酸=乙酸铵＞丙酸铵＞辛酸铵。相同质量脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸、辛酸）∶脂肪酸铵（乙酸铵、丙酸铵、辛酸铵）=1∶1至1∶4的配方比，其平均累计诱捕量均显著优于其单组分及对照水（P < 0.05）。说明脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、辛酸)与脂肪酸铵(乙酸铵、丙酸铵、辛酸铵)混合具有协同增效作用。其中最优配方比是[脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、辛酸)]∶[脂肪酸铵(乙酸铵、丙酸铵、辛酸铵)]=1∶2，平均累计诱捕量分别比单组分脂肪酸增加27.56%、27.66%、26.98%，分别比单组分脂肪酸铵增加41.64%、41.18%、40.35%和分别比对照水增加72.29%、72.25%、72.66%（P < 0.05）。【结论】 现场诱蚊试验结果表明，根据相似相溶原理将脂肪酸与脂肪酸铵混配并结合陷阱诱捕器，能够显著提高对白纹伊蚊的诱捕数量，延长诱蚊时间。脂肪酸铵味道不大，有望替代气味刺激的脂肪酸，可适用于家居办公环境中使用。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To evaluate the effectiveness of six compounds, and combinations of these, as lures for trapping female Aedes albopictusmosquitoes in the field. [Methods] The attractiveness of three fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and octanoic acid) and their ammonium salts (ammonium acetate, ammonium propionate, and ammonium octanoate) were assessed based on the number of female mosquitoes captured in traps. [Results] Acetic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, and their ammonium salts, were all significantly more attractive to female mosquitoes than the distilled water control. Equivalent dosages of these compounds ranked in attractiveness as follows; acetic acid > propionic acid = octanoic acid = ammonium acetate > ammonium propionate > ammonium octanoate. The mean accumulated number of females trapped by 1∶1 to 1∶4 ratios of fatty acids and their respective ammonium salts were significantly greater than the number captured using either fatty acids in isolation or the distilled water control (P < 0.05). This demonstrates a synergistic effect between the fatty acids and their respective ammonium salts. The most optimum ratio was a 1∶2 combination of fatty acid and ammonium salt. The mean accumulated number of mosquitoes captured using this formulation was 27.56%, 27.66%, and 26.98% higher, respectively, than either acetic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid alone, 41.64%, 41.18%, and 40.35% higher than with ammonium, and 72.29%, 72.25%, and 72.66% higher than the distilled water control (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] A 1∶2 combination of a fatty acid and its ammonium salt can significantly increase and prolong the effectiveness of mosquito trapping compared to using just the fatty acid alone. Fatty acid ammonium salts are also have the advantage of being odorless to humans and therefore more suitable for use in the home or office environment.