吉林珲春地区利用花绒寄甲防治光肩星天牛的可行性研究
The potential for using Dastarcus helophoroides as a biological control agent against Anoplophora glabripennis in Hunchun, Jilin province
罗立平；党英侨；王小艺；李 飞；杨忠岐
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.020
作者单位：1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室，北京 100091； 2. 国家棉花工程技术研究中心，乌鲁木齐 830091
中文关键词：花绒寄甲；光肩星天牛；快速冷驯化；耐寒性；过冷却点；生物防治
英文关键词：Dastarcus helophoroides; Anoplophora glabripennis; rapid cold hardening; cold hardiness; supercooling point; biological control
中文摘要：
【目的】 探究光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis（ALB）在吉林珲春的耐寒性，为实现在当地释放花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides防治ALB提供理论基础。【方法】 于吉林珲春采集被ALB危害的杨树木段，室内解剖木段后收集各虫态/龄期ALB，并测量这些天牛的过冷却点。通过设置同一时间（0.5 h）下0、4和8 ℃不同驯化温度和最适驯化温度下0.5、1和4 h不同驯化时间，以明确花绒寄甲成虫的过冷却能力受驯化温度和驯化时间的影响。将上述两组数据进行综合，分析ALB大幼虫与不同冷驯化条件下花绒寄甲成虫过冷却点的相关性。【结果】 ALB卵（分布在树皮表层）的过冷却点最低，随着其不断发育并向树内蛀食，其过冷却点逐渐升高，即不同虫态/龄期的过冷却点大小顺序为卵 ˂ 小幼虫（100 mg以下）˂ 大幼虫（500 mg以上）。花绒寄甲成虫的过冷却能力受低温驯化影响明显，4 ℃条件下冷驯化0.5 h时最易提高其耐寒性。ALB大幼虫的过冷却点显著高于0（0.5 h）、4（0.5 h）、8（0.5 h）和4 ℃（1 h）冷驯化条件下处理的花绒寄甲成虫。【结论】 ALB能以高于当地最低温的过冷却点越冬，除受自身耐寒能力影响外，还与所处微生境有关。而花绒寄甲成虫在经历一定时间的快速冷驯化处理后，过冷却点显著降低，耐寒性得到明显提高。表明吉林珲春等高纬度地区利用花绒寄甲防治ALB存在较大的可行性。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] The cold hardiness of Anoplophora glabripennis (ALB) collected from Hunchun, Jilin province was investigated, together with the potential for using Dastarcus helophoroides as a biological control agent against this pest. [Methods] ALB at different developmental stages were dissected from poplar logs collected in Hunchun, Jilin Province, and their supercooling points (SCP) were measured in laboratory subsequently. Insects were subjected to different rapid, cold-hardening temperature treatments (0, 4, 8 ℃) for 0.5 h, and the optimal acclimation temperature for different periods of time (0.5, 1, 4 h). The effects of different combinations of temperature and exposure duration on the SCP of D. helophoroides adults were also measured and compared. The two data sets obtained using the above experimental design were compared to analyze the correlation in SCP between ALB larvae and D. helophoroides adults under different temperature conditions. [Results] The SCP of ALB was the lowest during egg stage (laid under bark), afterwards it increased gradually with developmental stages: egg < young larvae (< 100 mg) < large larvae (> 500 mg). The SCP of D. helophoroides adults decreased significantly under most rapid cold-hardening treatments and was the lowest in the 4 ℃ (0.5 h) treatment. The SCP of large ALB larvae was significantly higher than that of D. helophoroides adults in the 0 (0.5 h), 4 (0.5 h), 8 (0.5 h), and 4 ℃ (1 h) treatments. [Conclusion] Cold-hardiness and micro-environment play important roles in the overwintering survival of ALB, with a higher SCP in comparison to the lowest local temperature. The SCP of D. helophoroides adults can be effectively reduced, and their cold-tolerance ability improved, by rapid cold-hardening at low temperature for a specific period of time. It is practible to use D. helophoroides as a biological control agent against ALB in high-latitude regions such as Hunchun, Jilin province.