【目的】 比较云斑白条天牛Batocera lineolata成虫雌雄个体的4个线粒体基因的序列差异，为研究种群个体分化和系统发育提供借鉴。【方法】 以危害杨树云斑白条天牛种群为研究对象，分别提取并扩增云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的线粒体DNA的COⅠ、COⅡ、Cyt b、16S rRNA 4个基因。通过序列比对，分析比较4个线粒体基因序列在雌雄成虫个体间的差异。【结果】 危害杨树云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的4个线粒体基因存在差异。在碱基序列相似度方面，COⅡ基因雌雄成虫间差异最大，相似度为98.3%，在比较的650个碱基位点中，2个缺失碱基，8个不一致碱基；其次为COⅠ，相似度为98.6%，比较的714个碱基位点中，5个缺失碱基，2个不一致碱基；再次为Cyt b，相似度为98.9%，在比较的472个碱基位点中，4个不一致碱基；差异最小的为16S rRNA，相似度为99.2%，在比较的833个碱基位点中，2个缺失碱基，3个不一致碱基。在碱基含量方面，4个基因雌成虫A+T与C+G含量差值均高于雄成虫，Cyt b基因雌雄成虫A+T高出C+G 含量的差值最高分别为40.84%和40.96%，16S rRNA差值其次分别为40.10%和40.70%，COⅡ差值再次分别为38.94%和38.22%，COⅠ差值最小分别为30.52%和30.16%。【结论】 危害杨树云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的mtDNA COⅠ、COⅡ、Cyt b、16S rRNA在碱基序列相似度和碱基含量方面均存在差异，在分析种群个体分化和系统发育时，条件允许的情况下可以区分云斑白条天牛雌雄个体。

[Objectives]  To compare differences in four mitochondrial genes in adult male and female Batocera lineolate, an important pest of poplars, and thereby provide a reference for further research on the population differentiation and phylogeny of this species. [Methods]  Genomes were extracted from female and male adults and four mitochondrial genes; mtDNA COⅠ, COⅡ, Cyt b and 16S rRNA, amplified using PCR. The four gene sequences obtained from male and female adults were compared by sequence alignment. [Results]  There are some differences in the four gene sequences obtained from female and male adults. With respect to base sequence similarity, the greatest divergence between male and the female adults was found in the COⅡgene, which had a similarity index of 98.3%. There were 2 gap bases and 8 conflict bases among the 650 COⅡgene bases compared. The second most sexual dimorphism was in the COⅠgene, which had a similarity index of 98.6%. There were 5 gap bases and 2 conflict bases among the 714 COⅠbases compared. The third most sexual dimorphism was found in the Cyt b gene, which had a similarity index of 98.9%. There were 4 conflict bases among the 472 Cyt b bases compared. The least amount of sexual dimorphism was found in the 16S rRNA, which had a similarity index of 99.2%. There were 2 gap bases and 3 conflict bases among the 833 16S rRNA bases compared. The difference in A+T and C+G content of all four genes was higher in female adults than in males. The values for females and males were 40.84% and 40.96% for the Cyt b gene, 40.10% and 40.70% for the 16S rRNA gene, 38.94% and 38.22% for the COⅡgene and 30.52% and 30.16% for the COⅠgene. [Conclusion]  Sexual differences in base similarity and content of 4 mitochondrial B. lineolate genes highlight the importance of specifying the gender of specimens in studies of population differentiation and phylogeny.