蜜蜂遗传多态性的影响因素及主要研究方法
The influencing factors and primary research methods on genetic diversity of the honeybee.
赵亚周1** 黄家兴1 安建东1 彭文君1*** 高志鸿2
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作者单位：1中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所/农业部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室 北京 100093；2山西省阳泉市养蜂技术推广站 山西 阳泉 045000
中文关键词：蜜蜂， 遗传多态性， 影响因素， 形态学， DNA
英文关键词：honeybee, the genetic diversity, influencing factors, morphology, DNA
中文摘要：
蜜蜂遗传多态性与蜜蜂种质资源保存、优良品种繁育和科学引种等问题密切相关，具有重要
的研究价值。文章综述蜜蜂遗传多态性的影响因素和研究方法，影响因素包括自然因素和
人为因素，自然因素主要有环境因子和种群竞争等，人为因素主要有品种引进和农药毒害作
用等；研究方法包括形态学检测和DNA分析检测等。通过比较各研究方法的优缺点，认
为宜采用多种方法相结合的手段进行全方位、多角度地综合评价蜜蜂的遗传多态性。
英文摘要： The genetic diversity of honeybee was very important to species conser
vation, breeding and introduction. This article mainly summarizes the influencin
g factors and research methods of genetic diversity of the honeybee. The genetic
diversity of honeybee was affected by both natural factors and human activities
. The former included environmental factors and population competition, while th
e latter are involved in variety introduction and pesticide contamination. Sever
al methods were adopted to analyze the genetic diversity, including morphologica
l determination, DNA analysis and so on. The differences of these techniques wer
e also compared in this paper. As a conclusion, in order to get a comprehensive
result with the omnidirectional and multiangled evaluation, a combination of
different techniques was preferred.