昆虫嗅觉受体及其介导的信号转导机制研究进展
Progress in research on insect olfactory receptors and their mechanisms of signal transduction
李 慧 洪习文 张智毅 樊逸菲 王争艳
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.079
作者单位：河南工业大学粮油食品学院，郑州 450001；粮食储藏安全河南省协同创新中心，郑州 450001； 河南粮食作物协同创新中心，郑州 450001
中文关键词：气味受体；进化；结构；功能表征；信号转导
英文关键词：odorant receptors; evolution; structure; functional characterization; signal transduction
中文摘要：
高度灵敏的嗅觉系统，能够帮助昆虫准确识别环境中不同来源的挥发性化合物，在昆虫觅食、交配和产卵等生命活动过程中起着至关重要的作用。通过感觉神经元膜上数量巨大且种类繁多的嗅觉受体，昆虫可以识别不同的气味物质，进而调控其行为。已知的昆虫嗅觉受体主要有三种，离子型受体、气味受体和响应二氧化碳及信息素的味觉受体。目前嗅觉受体的分子结构及其介导的信号转导机制仍然没有得到完整的阐释，嗅觉受体配体的鉴定工作也还任重道远。本综述就昆虫嗅觉受体的结构、进化、功能表征方法以及气味受体介导信号转导的机制等方面的研究进展进行了综述，以期对研究昆虫嗅觉编码和调控，以及昆虫与植物间互作提供一定的理论参考。
英文摘要：
A highly sensitive olfactory system can help insects accurately identify different volatile compounds and play a vital role in activities such as foraging, mating and oviposition. Insects use a huge number and variety of olfactory receptors on sensory neuron membranes to recognize different odors and regulate their behavior. Three main families of insect olfactory receptors have been identified: ionotropic receptors, odorant receptors, and gustatory receptors that respond to carbon dioxide and pheromones. At present, the molecular structure of olfactory receptors and the signal transduction mechanisms mediated by olfactory receptors have not been fully elucidated, also the identification of olfactory receptor ligands needs further research. In this review, we summarize progress in research on the structure, evolution, and functional characterization of insect olfactory receptors, as well as the mechanism of odorant receptor-mediated signal transduction, in order to provide some theoretical references for studying insect olfactory coding and regulation, as well as the interaction between insects and plants.