【目的】 比较稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae雌雄蜂对水稻挥发物的电生理响应，明确寄生蜂嗅觉感受能力的性别差异，为提高寄生蜂在害虫生物防治中的应用效率提供依据。【方法】 建立微小触角电位检测方法，测量雌雄蜂对不同类别的9种水稻挥发物的触角电位反应，对具有差异反应的挥发物进行梯度浓度刺激实验。【结果】 电生理测试中，雄蜂对反-2-己烯醛的反应最强，对反-石竹烯的反应最弱，反应顺序从大到小为醛、酯、醇、萜；雌蜂对顺-茉莉酮的反应最强，对芳樟醇的反应最弱。测试的9种水稻挥发物中，6种挥发物在雌雄间存在显著的响应差异。在梯度浓度测试中，雄蜂对顺-柠檬烯、芳樟醇和顺茉莉酮3种挥发物的浓度变化没有明显的电生理响应差异，而对反-石竹烯、橙花叔醇和反-2-己烯醇产生明显电生理反应；雌蜂对6种挥发物的浓度变化都产生明显的电生理响应，其中，萜烯类物质芳樟醇、反-石竹烯和橙花叔醇在测试的最低浓度（0.01 g/L）时的电生理反应最强。【结论】 稻虱缨小蜂的嗅觉感受能力在雌雄间存在明显的差异，且雌蜂对水稻挥发物的电生理反应较雄蜂灵敏。挥发物浓度在范围0.01-100 g/L内，通过稻虱缨小蜂对不同浓度下EAG值的差异，可以初步判断不同浓度的挥发物存在不同生态功能。

[Objectives]  To clarify sexual differences in the response of the parasitoid wasp Anagrus nilaparvatae to rice volatiles in order to improve the effectiveness of using parasitic wasps as biological control agents. [Methods]  A potentiometric, micro-antennae detection method was developed to measure the EAG responses of female and male A.nilaparvatae to 9 different kinds of rice volatiles. Gradient concentration stimulation experiments were also performed to detect significant gender differences in the response to specific chemicals. [Results]  The largest peak amplitudes in males were recorded in response to trans-2-hexenal and the smallest to trans-caryophyllene. Responses of males to aldehydes, esters, alcohols and terpenes ranged from large to small. For females, the highest response was to cis-jasmone and the lowest to linalool. Six of the 9 rice volatiles tested elicited significantly different responses in males and females. In the gradient concentration experiment, only 3 of the 6 volatiles tested (trans-caryophyllene, nerolidol and trans-2-hexenol) elicited a significant response from males, whereas all 6 compounds elicited a significant response from females. The terpenoids linalool, trans-caryophyllene and nerolidol, elicited the strongest responses at a concentration of 0.01 g/L, which was the lowest concentration used in experiments. [Conclusion]  There are significant sexual differences in the responses of A. nilaparvatae to rice volatiles; females respond to a greater range of volatiles than males. EAG responses to rice volatiles were detected within the concentration range of 0.01-100 g/L, which could be a preliminary indication that differences in EAG responses to volatiles reflect different ecological functions.