【目的】 吸虱亚目是真兽类动物的永久专性体表寄生虫。吸虱亚目的线粒体基因组发生了剧烈的裂化，形成了不同于以往典型单一大环的多个裂化微环。本文对17种吸虱以及外群尖叫虱Bothriometopus macrocnemis的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因序列进行比较分析，探讨trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因间的独立进化和协同进化。【方法】 对云南采集到的3科3属4种吸虱（弯多板虱Polyplax reclinata、锯多板虱Polyplax serrata、太平洋甲胁虱Hoplopleura pacifica和麝鼩钩板虱Ancistroplax crocidurae），用Illumina MiSeq PE250平台高通量测序后与GenBank中查找的其它13种吸虱及尖叫虱的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因序列进行比较，采用最大简约法（Maximum parsimony，MP）分析17种吸虱trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因的进化关系。【结果】 17种吸虱的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因均形成典型的三叶草结构，trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因在虱属、阴虱属和猴虱属中有较长的等同序列；在甲胁虱属和钩板虱属中有很短的等同序列；在多板虱属、微胸虱属和血虱属中的等同序列介于二者之间。常见典型单一环状线粒体基因组物种的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因等同序列的长度在6-10 bp之间。对17种吸虱的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因序列进行同源性比较分析，发现不同属吸虱的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因序列相似度差异较大，同属内吸虱的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因序列相似度差异较小。基于17种吸虱及尖叫虱的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因构建系统进化树，结果表明trnL₁(tag)、trnL₂(taa)及trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因间既有协同进化又有独立进化。【结论】 trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因等同序列较长的吸虱易发生协同进化，等同序列较短的吸虱易发生独立进化。吸虱亚目的trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因协同进化是长期的或发生在远缘物种间，而独立进化是短期（两次重组事件间）的或发生在近缘物种间。吸虱亚目线粒体基因组的裂化模式可能影响trnL₁(tag)和trnL₂(taa)基因等同序列的长短。

Anoplura (lice) are obligate ectoparasites of eutherians. The mitochondrial genome of Anoplura has undergone drastic fragmentation and formed multiple mitochondrial minicircular chromosomes that differ from the typical single mitochondrial genome. Sequences of trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) genes from 17 species of sucking lice and an outgroup (the screamer louse, Bothriometopus macrocnemis) were compared to investigate the independent, and concerted, evolution of these genes. [Methods]  The trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) genes of 4 species of sucking lice from 3 genera and 3 families collected in Yunnan (Polyplax reclinata, Polyplax serrata, Hoplopleura pacifica, Ancistroplax crocidurae) were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform, and compared with those of 13 other species and the screamer louse outgroup obtained from GenBank. Evolutionary relationships among species were inferred using the maximum parsimony method (MP) and the homology of trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) gene sequences was analyzed. [Results]  The trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) genes of all 17 species of sucking lice formed a typical clover structure. TrnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) genes have very long identical sequences in Pediculus, Pthirus and Pedicinus, very short identical sequences in Hoplopleura and Ancistroplax, and intermediate length sequences in Polyplax, Microthoracius and Haematopinus. The length of identical trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) gene sequences in common, typical, single circular, mitochondrial genome species is 6-10 bp. Sequences in different genera sucking lice were significantly different, whereas those in the same genus were only slightly different. A phylogenetic tree indicates that there has been both concerted, and independent, evolution of the trnL₁(tag), trnL₂(taa), trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) genes. [Conclusion]  Sucking lice with longer identical trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) gene sequences are more likely to have undergone concerted evolution, whereas those with shorter identical sequences are more likely to have undergone independent evolution. Concerted evolution would be expected over the long term, or between distantly related species, whereas independent evolution would be expected over the short term (between two recombination events), or between closely related species. The fragmented pattern of the Anoplura mitochondrial genome may influence the length of identical trnL₁(tag) and trnL₂(taa) gene sequences.