【目的】 番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta是对番茄具有毁灭性危害的世界性入侵害虫，近年来已入侵我国的新疆和云南地区。为明确我国番茄潜叶蛾2个种群的遗传多样性及与世界其它种群的遗传关系，本研究开展了基于线粒体COⅠ基因的番茄潜叶蛾遗传多样性和系统发育分析研究。【方法】 应用线粒体COⅠ基因作为分子标记，对我国番茄潜叶蛾的2个种群及世界各地种群的遗传多样性进行分析，并构建番茄潜叶蛾种群的系统发育树。【结果】 新疆和云南的番茄潜叶蛾地理种群共55条COⅠ序列完全一致，不同种群间和种群内没有任何变异，为同一个单倍型。世界范围内番茄潜叶蛾种群遗传多样性指数很低，仅存在4个单倍型。单倍型H1广泛分布，单倍型H2和H3仅在肯尼亚分布，单倍型H4仅在秘鲁分布。系统发育分析表明，世界范围内18个国家和地区的番茄潜叶蛾种群聚为一支，没有产生与地区相关的分化。【结论】 本研究明确了番茄潜叶蛾具有高度遗传同质性，我国的两个种群不存在遗传变异，对制定防控策略具有指导意义。

[Objectives]  The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, is an invasive global pest that causes severe damage to tomato crops. Recently recorded in Xinjiang and Yunnan, this species poses a significant threat to tomato production in China. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the two geographic populations of T. absoluta in China, and their relationships with other populations. [Methods]  The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the Xinjiang and Yunnan T. absoluta populations, and those of populations of this pest in different countries and regions, were analyzed based on mitochondrial COⅠgene variation. [Results]  The results show that a total of 55 COⅠ sequences from the Xinjiang and Yunnan populations were identical, with no genetic variation within, or between, populations. The genetic diversity of T. absoluta from different countries and regions was also extremely low, with only 4 haplotypes identified. Haplotype 1 was widely distributed and shared by all locations. Haplotypes 2 and 3 were only found in Kenya and haplotype 4 was only found in Peru. Phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of geographical differentiation among populations. [Conclusion]  These results confirm the global genetic homogeneity of T. absoluta. The lack of genetic variation between the Xinjiang and Yunnan populations is useful information for management.