【目的】 为探究长期以豌豆修尾蚜Megoura japonica（Matsumura）饲养的食蚜瘿蚊Aphidoletes aphidimyza（Rondani）对目标害虫烟蚜Myzus persicae（Sulzer）的防控潜能，明确在释放食蚜瘿蚊前是否有必要进行短期食物驯化，以及进行短期食物驯化对其捕食能力的影响。【方法】 在实验室条件下，研究饲喂豌豆修尾蚜和预先饲喂烟蚜的食蚜瘿蚊对烟蚜的捕食功能反应。【结果】 长期以豌豆修尾蚜和短期以烟蚜饲喂的食蚜瘿蚊对烟蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型模型，随着猎物密度的增加呈先增加后趋于平稳的趋势。单因素方差分析表明，饲喂豌豆修尾蚜和短期饲喂烟蚜的食蚜瘿蚊对烟蚜的日捕食量差异不显著（P>0.05），长期饲喂豌豆修尾蚜和短期饲喂烟蚜的食蚜瘿蚊对烟蚜的的瞬间攻击率分别为0.170 2和0.155 4，处理猎物时间分别是0.116 9 d和0.107 0 d。单因素方差分析表明，食蚜瘿蚊自身密度对烟蚜的日均捕食量在长期饲喂豌豆修尾蚜和短期饲喂烟蚜处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】 以豌豆修尾蚜长期饲养的食蚜瘿蚊，在释放前不需要针对烟蚜进行短期食物驯化。

[Objectives]  To investigate the potential of using Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) reared on Megoura japonica (Matsumura) as a biological control for Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and thereby clarify the benefits of conducting short-term prey habituation before releasing aphid gall mosquitoes for biological control purposes. [Methods]  The predatory responses of A. aphidimyza feeding on either M. japonica or M. persica were measured and compared under laboratory conditions. [Results] The predatory response of A. aphidimyza fed on M. japonica for a long period and M. persica for a short period was consistent with a Holling type Ⅱ model; an initial increase that subsequently levelled off with increasing prey density. A one-way analysis of variance indicates that there was no significant difference in the daily number of prey consumed by A. aphidimyza in the two treatment groups (P > 0.05). The instant attack rates of each treatment group on M. japonica and M. persicae were 0.170 2 and 0.155 4, respectively, and their respective prey processing times were 0.116 9 d and 0.107 0 d, respectively. A one-way analysis of variance indicates that the density of A. aphidimyza own had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the daily average consumption of M. persicae. [Conclusion]  A. aphidimyza raised on M. japonica do not require short-term exposure to M. persicae before release.