【目的】 棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera（Hübner）是我国重要的农业害虫，生殖力强是其发生为害的内在生物学基础，而已知的与棉铃虫生殖相关的基因信息相对较少，本研究旨在筛选棉铃虫性腺发育的相关基因。【方法】 通过高通量测序技术对棉铃虫成虫的卵巢和精巢进行转录组测序。【结果】 共获得100 603条unigenes，平均长度为666.05 bp，其中N50为1 114 bp。经同源性比对，52 071条unigenes获得注释信息，其中注释到Nr数据库的序列最多。通过比较转录组分析发现，在棉铃虫精巢和卵巢中存在7 714个差异表达的基因（Differentially expressed genes，DEGs），其中3 288个DEGs表达水平在卵巢中上调，4 426个DEGs在精巢中上调。差异基因富集结果涉及到生殖系统发育的相关通路有mTOR信号通路、卵母细胞减数分裂、促性腺激素释放激素信号通路和胰岛素信号通路等。同时筛选得到部分与性腺发育相关的基因，包括vitellogenin（Vg）、vitellogenin receptor（VgR）、chorion-related gene、testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase和spermatogenesis-associated protein等。选取其中12个DEGs用实时荧光定量检测其表达量，结果表明RT-qPCR与RNA-Seq的结果一致。【结论】 本研究获得了棉铃虫雌雄性腺的转录组数据及主要性腺发育相关基因，将有助于丰富棉铃虫繁殖相关的基因资源，为进一步研究棉铃虫生殖调控机理提供基础数据

[Objectives]  The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most serious pests of cotton, corn and many other crops in China. Although high reproduction is the basis for outbreaks of this pest, information on reproduction- related genes of this species is lacking. [Methods]  We sequenced ovary and testis transcriptomes of H. armigera on an Illumina HiSeq2500 platform and identified numerous genes that may be involved in gonadal development, gametogenesis and reproduction. [Results]  Raw reads were assembled into 100 603 unigenes with a mean length of 666.05 bp and an N50 of 1 114 bp. A similarity search resulted in 52 071 unigenes being annotated, most of which with reference to the Nr database. Gene expression in the ovary and testis were then compared, and 7 714 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these genes, 3 288 were up-regulated in the ovary and 4 426 were up-regulated in the testis. Based on KEGG enrichment analyses, the pathways involved in the regulation of gonadal development and gametogenesis were identified, including the “mTOR signaling”, the “Oocyte meiosis”, “Insulin signaling” and “GnRH signaling”, pathways. To further screen the transcriptome database, numerous DEGs involved in gonadal development and gametogenesis were identified, including vitellogenin (Vg), vitellogenin receptor (VgR), chorion-related genes, testis-specific serine/threonine- protein kinase and spermatogenesis-associated protein. Finally, twelve DEGs were selected for RT-qPCR analysis, the expression patterns of which were consistent with the results obtained from transcriptome sequencing. [Conclusion]  This study acquired the transcriptome data and identified a series of genes related to gonadal development, providing a basis for exploring the mechanisms regulating reproduction in H. armigera.