不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对中华蜜蜂 生产及繁殖性能的影响
Effects of different honeybee pheromones on the honey production and reproductive performance of Apis cerana cerana
李 鑫；张进明；涂 群；江武军；席芳贵；何旭江；曾志将
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.062
作者单位： 江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所，南昌 330045；江西省养蜂研究所，南昌 330200； 江西省蜜蜂生物学与饲养重点实验室，南昌 330045
中文关键词：中华蜜蜂；信息素；β-罗勒烯；蜂王信息素
英文关键词：Apis cerana cerana; pheromone; β-ocimene; queen pheromones
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了探究蜜蜂信息素对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的生产及繁殖性能的影响。【方法】 以蜂蜡为载体，选择4种蜂王上颚腺信息素（9-ODA：9-HDA：HOB：HVA）与蜜蜂幼虫饥饿信息素（β-罗勒烯）按照一定比例组配了4种强蜂素挂片（T1-1组、T1-2组、T2-1组、T2-2组），同时设置一个纯蜂蜡挂片作为空白对照组（CK组）。将2种组配强蜂素（T1-1、T1-2）分别置于特殊密闭容器瓶中，15、30和45 d后用捕集针抽取密闭容器瓶气体，利用气相-质谱联用系统测定2种组配强蜂素（T1-1、T1-2）中β-罗勒烯挥发含量。并系统研究了4种组配强蜂素对无王群急造王台以及对有王群的蜂蜜产量、群势和封盖子数影响。【结果】 在15、30和45 d时，2种组配强蜂素中β-罗勒烯挥发量差异不显著（P > 0.05），即2种组配强蜂素中β-罗勒烯都能稳定释放；与对照组相比，T1-2组封盖王台出现时间显著延迟（P < 0.05），推迟时间2.17 d，但4个实验组间出现封盖王台出现时间差异不显著（P > 0.05）；T1-1组蜂蜜产量和封盖子数显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），蜂蜜产量和封盖子数量分别 30.18%和30.00%；T1-2组蜂群群势显著强于对照组（P < 0.05），提高群势25.15%；4个实验组间蜂蜜产量、封盖子数和蜂群群势都差异不显著（P > 0.05）。【结论】 不同组配的蜜蜂信息素对中华蜜蜂生产及繁殖性能都有积极作用，为进一步在养蜂生产中推广蜜蜂信息素产品提供了理论支撑。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To investigate the effects of honeybee pheromones on Apis
cerana cerana honey production and reproduction. [Methods] Using beeswax as a medium, four complex pheromones
(T1-1, T1-2, T2-1, T2-2) were created by mixing four mandibular gland pheromone
gradients（9-ODA, 9-HAD, HOB, HVA）with β-ocimene. Untreated beeswax was used as the control (CK).
T1-1, T1-2 were isolated in jars and β-ocimene was
quantified with GC-MS after 15, 30 and 45 days. The impacts of the four complex
pheromones on emergency queen rearing, honey production and the amount of bees
and brood, were quantified. [Results] The amount of released β-rolene
was not significantly different between T1-1 and T1-2 after 15, 30 and 45 days,
suggesting that the release of this pheromone is stable. Compared to the
control group, emergency queen rearing in the T1-2 group was delayed by 2.17
days (P < 0.05). However, the four treatment groups did not differ
significantly in this regard (P > 0.05). Compared to the control
group, the T1-1 group had 30.18% higher honey production and 30.00% more brood
(P < 0.05). The T1-2 group had 25.15% more adults bees compared to
the control group (P < 0.05). The number of adult bees and the amount
of brood did not, however, differ significantly among the four treatment groups
(P > 0.05). [Conclusion] Our results suggest that specific
pheromones facilitate colony growth in A.
c. cerana. This finding provides theoretical support for the application of
pheromones in apiculture.