【目的】 柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton是柑橘重要害虫，本研究拟建立一种快速鉴别柑橘潜叶蛾蛹及成虫性别的简易方法。【方法】 利用体视显微镜观察、拍照记录柑橘潜叶蛾蛹和成虫的腹部末端形态特征并进行比较分析，待蛹羽化后进行解剖验证结果。【结果】 与柑橘潜叶蛾雄蛹相比，雌蛹的第7腹节下缘分界线不明显，生殖孔和肛门分别在第8腹节和第10腹节，而雄蛹的第7腹节下缘分界线明显，生殖孔在第9腹节，肛门在第10腹节。柑橘潜叶蛾雌成虫腹部末端呈圆筒形，而雄成虫腹部末端相对尖细；轻轻按压成虫腹部，雌蛾在末端伸出部分的两侧有黑斑，而雄蛾在末端伸出部分的两侧没有黑斑，但有一对长毛簇，在伸出的同时散开。该方法能快速鉴别柑橘潜叶蛾蛹及成虫的性别，其准确率为100%。【结论】 通过比较柑橘潜叶蛾雌雄蛹生殖孔及肛门的位置，可以准确区分雌雄蛹；轻压并观察雌雄成虫腹部伸出末端黑斑或长毛簇的有无可有效区分成虫性别。

[Objectives]  The citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella, is an important pest of citrus. A simple and practical method was developed to sex adults and pupae of this pest quickly and accurately. [Methods]  The morphological characteristics of the abdominal segments of pupae and adults of citrus leaf miner were observed and compared. [Results]  In female pupae, the dividing line of the lower edge of the 7th ventral segment is not obvious, and the reproductive pore and anus are located in the 8th and 10th ventral segments, respectively. In male pupae, the dividing line of the lower edge of the 7th ventral segment is obvious, the reproductive pore is on the 9th ventral segment and the anus is on the 10th ventral segment. The end of the abdomen of adult females is cylindrical and, if pressed gently, black spots can be seen on both sides of the protruding end. However, in adult males, the end of the abdomen is tapered and covered with white scales. No black spots are apparent but there are a pair of long hair clusters which spread out when the end of a males’ abdomen is pressed. [Conclusion]  Adults and pupae of P. citrella can be sexed on the basis of morphological characteristics with 100% accuracy. These findings provide a reference for insect breeding technology, pest monitoring and the integrated control of the citrus leaf miner.