摘  要  德国小蠊Blattella germanica (L.)可传播多种病原微生物且能分泌近十种导致人类过敏和哮喘的蛋白，具有极其强大的繁殖力和超强的抗化学农药能力，是最难治理的全球性家居卫生害虫。德国小蠊利用性信息素作为雌雄两性通信的关键化学信号，性信息素由性成熟的雌成虫合成并分泌到体表，其主要功能是吸引和刺激雄虫求偶并诱导两性交配，性信息素的生物合成是两性化学通信的核心环节之一。近年来，关于德国小蠊性信息素合成及其分子调控研究取得了巨大进展，但是对本领域的主要研究进展综述严重缺乏。本文主要综述了近30年在德国小蠊接触性信息素合成和分子调控方面的主要研究进展，介绍了性信息素的化学成分及合成部位研究现状，重点总结和分析了接触性信息素合成途径关键酶基因的鉴定、关键基因受性别分化和激素信号的调控机理研究进展，并对尚未解决的科学问题和未来潜在的研究方向进行展望，以期为探索高效、精准的蟑螂行为调控策略，研制新型杀蟑、诱蟑产品提供新的理论支撑。

Abstract  The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), transmits a variety of pathogens and synthesizes nearly ten protein substances that trigger human allergies and asthma. With its strong fecundity and super resistance to various kinds of chemical pesticides, B. germanica is currently regarded as the most difficult to control global, household, insect pest. B. germanica uses sex pheromones for communication between the sexes. These pheromones are synthesized by sexually mature adult females. Their main function is to attract and stimulate male courtship and induce mating. Sex pheromone biosynthesis is therefore one of the core steps of sexual communication in this species. Articles on the regulation of sex pheromone synthesis in B. germanica have gradually increased in recent years, however, there has so far been no critical review summarizing progress and prospects for future research. This paper reviews important progress in research on contact sex pheromone biosynthesis and molecular regulation in B. germanica over the past three decades. It introduces researches on chemical composition and biosynthetic sites, focuses on the identification and characterization of key enzymatic genes involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis pathway and the regulation of sex pheromone synthesis by the coordination between sex differentiation and juvenile hormone signaling. Prospects for future research are outlined with the aim of providing new theoretical support to develop new strategies for regulating cockroach behavior and new cockroach baits.