摘  要  【目的】 探明拟果蝇Drosophila simulans对不同寄主水果的行为选择及适应性。【方法】 利用四臂嗅觉仪等测定了拟果蝇对5种水果（苹果、红提、香梨、香蕉和杨梅）的趋性与产卵选择性，并比较不同水果饲喂对拟果蝇生殖和适合度指标的影响。【结果】 拟果蝇对不同水果的气味喜好为：杨梅>香蕉>香梨>苹果，产卵选择喜好表现为：香蕉>红提>杨梅>香梨>苹果；与苹果饲养相比，拟果蝇在香蕉和杨梅上的产卵量较高、发育历期较短，而其孵化率、化蛹率和羽化率在5种寄主水果上无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】 该研究初步明确了拟果蝇对5种水果的行为偏好及适应性，拟果蝇对不同水果的气味与产卵的偏好差异可能是其行为选择性与后代适应性权衡的结果，研究结果为该虫的综合防控提供理论依据。

Abstract  [Aim]  To investigate the behavioral preferences and adaptability of Drosophila simulans to different host fruits. [Methods]  A four-arm olfactometer was used to determine the odor and oviposition preference of D. simulans for five types of fruits (apple, grape, pear, banana, and bayberry). Additionally, the effects of feeding on different fruits on the reproduction and fitness of D. simulans were compared. [Results]  D. simulans showed the strongest odor preference for waxberry, followed by banana, grape and pear. While banana was the preferred fruit for oviposition, followed by grape, waxberry, pear, and apple. Compared to feeding on apples, D. simulans laid more eggs and had shorter developmental periods on bananas and bayberries. There was no significant difference in hatchability, pupation rate, or emergence rate between the five host fruits. [Conclusion]  This study demonstrates the behavioral preferences and adaptability of D. simulans to five types of fruits. The differences in odor and oviposition preferences for different fruits may be due to a trade-off between behavioral selection and offspring adaptability. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the integrated pest control of D. simulans.