食蚜瘿蚊对莴苣指管蚜的捕食作用
Predation effect of Aphidoletes aphidimyza on Uroleucan formosanum
朱绪立，芶剑渝，吴慧子，黄纯杨，杨茂发，杨 相，于晓飞
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.012
作者单位：贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室，贵州大学烟草学院
中文关键词：食蚜瘿蚊；莴苣指管蚜；捕食功能；室外笼罩；生物防治
英文关键词： Aphidoletes aphidimyza; Uroleucon formosanum; predatory functional; cage covering experiment; biological control
中文摘要：
摘 要 【目的】 为明确食蚜瘿蚊Aphidoletes aphidimyza对莴苣指管蚜Uroleucon formosanum的控害潜能。【方法】 本研究在室内条件下测定食蚜瘿蚊对莴苣指管蚜的捕食功能反应，并利用室外笼罩法模拟食蚜瘿蚊对莴苣指管蚜的田间控害潜能。【结果】 食蚜瘿蚊3龄幼虫对1-5龄莴苣指管蚜的捕食功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ模型，对1-2龄莴苣指管蚜的瞬时攻击率（a）和捕食能力（a/Th）均最高，分别为0.466和12.90；搜寻效应随莴苣指管蚜密度的增大而下降；食蚜瘿蚊3龄幼虫对1-5龄莴苣指管蚜的日均捕食量随自身密度的增加而增大，但捕食作用率随其密度的增加而逐渐降低，其种内干扰方程分别为： E1–2=0.304P﹣1.148、E3=0.226P﹣1.155、E4=0.177P﹣1.094、E5=0.128P﹣1.028；在捕食偏好选择中，食蚜瘿蚊3龄幼虫对莴苣指管蚜1-2龄及3龄若蚜的捕食选择率分别为43%和30%；室外笼罩试验中，释放食蚜瘿蚊蛹防治莴苣指管蚜的理想防效益害比为1∶10和1∶15，且释放后的第6 天为防效最佳时期。【结论】 食蚜瘿蚊对莴苣指管蚜具有较好的防控潜能。
英文摘要：
Abstract [Aim] This study aims to determine the control potential of Aphiletes aphidimyza against U. formosanum. [Methods] The predatory behavior of A. aphidimyza towards U. formosanum was evaluated in a controlled laboratory environment. Additionally, the control potential of A. aphidimyza against U. formosanum in a field setting was simulated using a covered outdoor method. [Results] The predatory functional response of A. aphidimyza 3rd instar larvae against 1st-5th instar U. formosanum was consistent with the Holling Ⅱ model. The highest instantaneous attack rate (a) and predatory ability (a/Th) were observed against 1st and 2nd instar U. formosanum were the highest, with values of 0.466 and 12.90, respectively. Search effect decreased with increasing U. formosanum density. As the density of 3rd instar larvae A. aphidimyza increased, there was an increase in the daily average intake of 1st to 5th instar U. formosanum. However, the predation rate gradually decreased with increasing A. aphidimyza density. The intraspecies interference equations were: E1–2=0.304P﹣1.148; E3=0.226P﹣1.155; E4=0.177P﹣1.094; E5=0.128P﹣1.028. With regards to predation preference selection, A. aphidimyza 3rd instar larvae had a predation selection rate of 43% and 30% for 1st-2nd instar and 3rd instar U. formosanum, respectively. In the covered outdoor experiment, the ideal control benefit-to-harm ratio of releasing A. aphidimyza pupae for the control of U. formosanum was 1∶10 and 1∶15, with the optimal control effect period occurring on the 6th day following A. aphidimyza release. [Conclusion] A. aphidimyza has good prevention and control potential against U. formosanum.