摘  要  【目的】 棉蚜Aphis gossypii是一种重要的农业害虫，筛选并优化出适用于棉蚜饲养的人工饲料，有助于开展棉蚜生物学和生态学研究。【方法】 在不同蚜虫人工饲料配方基础上，将饲料pH值和蔗糖浓度分别调整为7.6和25%，设计了以氨基酸、维生素、无机盐和蔗糖等为营养基础的5种人工饲料（配方Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ）。通过比较棉蚜成蚜在这5种饲料上的存活率和繁殖力，筛选出适合棉蚜饲养的最佳饲料配方。将最佳饲料配方蔗糖浓度调整为30%（配方VI），比较了棉蚜在蔗糖浓度25%和30%两个配方、棉花植株上的存活率、若蚜发育历期、产仔率、平均产蚜量和寿命，及不同棉蚜试验种群的生命表参数。【结果】 取食配方Ⅴ饲料的棉蚜成蚜存活率和产蚜量最高。棉蚜在配方V与配方VI人工饲料上均能完成世代发育，成蚜产仔率可达到100%。人工饲料配方V、VI和棉花植株饲养的棉蚜寿命分别为15.39、13.52和20.29 d，平均产蚜量分别为16.99、16.85和26.73头，内禀增长率分别为0.24、0.23和0.29。【结论】 综合所有参数比较及本着节约成本的原则，筛选的人工饲料配方Ⅴ（含25%蔗糖）更适用于棉蚜饲养。

Abstract  [Aim]  The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, is an important agricultural pest. Evaluating and optimizing artificial diets is crucial when rearing A. gossypii for biological and ecological research. [Methods] Using previous studies, five different artificial diets (diets Ⅰ-Ⅴ) were developed for A. gossypii based on the nutritional composition of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and sucrose. The diets had a pH of 7.6 and a sucrose concentration of 25%. The optimal diet formula was determined by comparing the survival rate and fecundity of adults fed on each diet. Additionally, survival rate, development duration, progeny production rate, fecundity, longevity, and life table parameters were compared between A. gossypii fed on cotton plants with those fed on the optimal diet formula containing 25% or 30% (diet VI) sucrose. [Results]  Aphids fed diet V exhibited the highest survival rate and fecundity. A. gossypii completed an entire generation on both diets Ⅴ and VI, and the progeny production rate was 100% for both diets. Aphids fed on diets Ⅴ, VI, and cotton plants had a longevity of 15.39 d, 13.52 d, and 20.29 d, respectively. Additionally, they had a fecundity of 16.99, 16.85, and 26.73, respectively, and an innate capacity for increase of, 0.24, 0.23, and 0.29, respectively. [Conclusion]  Following a comprehensive comparison of all parameters and considering cost-effectiveness, diet Ⅴ containing 25% sucrose was determined to be the optimal diet for rearing A. gossypii.