不同寄主对马铃薯瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响
Effect of different host plants on the growth, development, and reproduction of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
李文博，Nawaz Haider Bashir，陈欢欢，李新畅，王自杰，都 兰，田睿林
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.032
作者单位：曲靖师范学院生物资源与食品工程学院
中文关键词：马铃薯瓢虫；寄主植物；发育历期；生命表
英文关键词：Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata; host plants; developmental duration; life table
中文摘要：
摘 要 【目的】 马铃薯瓢虫Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky)是农田生态系统中常见的食叶类害虫。马铃薯Solanum tuberosum L.、大豆Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.、茄子Solanum melongena L.、辣椒Capsicum annuum L.和白菜Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel是该害虫的重要寄主植物。【方法】 本研究以5种农作物为供试寄主，研究马铃薯瓢虫对各寄主植物的适应性。【结果】 马铃薯瓢虫取食马铃薯和茄子时的幼虫发育历期短、蛹较重、幼虫存活率高、成虫寿命长且产卵量高。马铃薯瓢虫在马铃薯、大豆、茄子和白菜4种寄主植物上均能实现种群繁殖，相比大豆和白菜，马铃薯和茄子更利于马铃薯瓢虫的生长发育。种群内禀增长率（rm = 0.129 d﹣1，0.127 d﹣1）、净增殖率（R0 = 52.066粒，51.384粒）、周限增长率（λ=1.138 d﹣1，1.136 d﹣1）和种群趋势指数（I = 120.99，115.17）均在马铃薯和茄子饲喂条件下最高，平均世代周期短于其他寄主植物。【结论】 马铃薯瓢虫在5种寄主植物上均有很好的适应性，其中饲喂马铃薯的种群生物学特性参数最好，其次是茄子。
英文摘要：
Abstract [Aim] Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) is a common leaf-eating pest in farmland ecosystems. Solanum tuberosum L., Glycine max (Linn.) Merr., Solanum melongena L., Capsicum annuum L. and Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel are important host plants for this pest. [Methods] Five crops were used as test hosts to investigate the effects of different host plants adaptability of H. vigintioctomaculata. [Results] H. vigintioctomaculata that were fed potato and eggplant had a shorter larval development period, heavier pupae, higher larval survival rate, and higher adult longevity and fecundity, compared to the other host plants. H. vigintioctomaculata was capable of reproducing on four of the host plants, including potato, soybean, eggplant, and cabbage. The growth and development of H. vigintioctomaculata was higher on potato and eggplant compared to soybean and cabbage. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm =0.129 d-1, 0.127 d-1), net proliferation rate (R0= 52.066, 51.384), finite rate of increase（λ= 1.138 d-1, 1.136 d-1), and population trend index (I= 120.99, 115.17) were highest for H. vigintioctomaculata fed potato and eggplant, whereas the average generation duration was shorter compared to other host plants. [Conclusion] H. vigintioctomaculata displayed strong adaptability to the five test host plants. The population parameters and biological characteristics of H. vigintioctomaculata were greatest when potato and eggplant served as hosts.