摘  要  【目的】 明确喀斯特地区不同干扰形式对土壤跳虫群落组成和多样性的影响，为深入认识干扰引起的生态退化提供科学资料。【方法】 于2016年10月、2017年1月和4月在黔南选取火烧迹地、农田和火烧后经济林分别代表火烧、农业活动和火烧后垦殖3种干扰形式，以马尾松人工林为对照（CK），利用干漏斗（Tullgren）法调查土壤跳虫。【结果】 共获得土壤跳虫1 836头，优势类群为等节跳科（Isotomidae）和棘跳科（Onychiuridae）。主成分分析（Principal component analysis, PCA）结果显示，火烧迹地、农田和火烧后经济林土壤跳虫群落组成与马尾松人工林存在差异。火烧迹地、农田和火烧后经济林土壤跳虫类群数和Shannon-Wiener 指数（H'）显著低于马尾松人工林（P<0.05），马尾松人工林秋季和冬季土壤跳虫Shannon-Wiener 指数（H'）显著高于春季（P<0.05），其余类群数、密度和Shannon-Wiener 指数（H'）无显著季节差异。土壤跳虫类群数、密度和Shannon-Wiener 指数（H'）与全钾显著正相关（P<0.05），密度与有效钾显著正相关（P<0.05）。冗余分析（Redundancy analysis, RDA）结果表明，有效钾是影响土壤跳虫分布的主要土壤因子。【结论】 火烧、农业活动和火烧后垦殖能改变土壤跳虫群落组成，降低土壤跳虫多样性。

Abstract  [Aim]  To assess the effects of burning vegetation and land reclamation practices on the soil collembola community composition and diversity in a Karst district, and thereby assess the degree of ecological degradation of this community resulting from such disturbance. [Methods]  A burned area (representing fire disturbance), farmland (representing agricultural activity), a post-fire commercial forest (representing post-fire reclamation) and a Pinus massoniana plantation (control) were chosen as study sites in southern Guizhou province. The soil collembola communities of each site were investigated using the Tullgren method in October 2016 and in January and April 2017. [Results]  A total of 1 836 individual soil collembola were collected. The dominant families were the Isotomidae and Onychiuridae which comprised 79.63% of the total. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that soil collembolan community composition in the P. massoniana plantation differed significantly from that in the disturbed sites. The richness and Shannon-Wiener index (H') of soil collembola in the P. massoniana plantation were significantly higher than in the burned area, farmland or post-fire commercial forest (P<0.05). The Shannon-Wiener index (H') of the P. massoniana plantation was significantly greater in autumn and winter than in spring (P<0.05). Richness, density and Shannon-Wiener index (H') were significantly and positively correlated with TK (P<0.05), and there was also a significant positive correlation between the density of soil collembola and AK (P<0.05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that AK significantly affected the distribution of the soil collembolan community. [Conclusion]  Burning, agriculture and post-fire reclamation decreased the richness and diversity of soil collembola in southern Guizhou.