摘  要  【目的】 明确饲料中添加鸡粪对黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫生长的影响，确定最适添加比例。【方法】 通过添加不同比例的鸡粪至豆粕饲养黑水虻幼虫，通过称量体重及干物质变化评估其生长状况；使用石油醚和蒸馏水结合超声波法分别提取幼虫脂肪酸和水溶性成分，并采用二喹啉甲酸法和苯酚-硫酸法分别测定水提物中的水溶性蛋白和糖类含量，评价主营养成分积累；运用GC-MS和HPGPC-ELSD技术分别分析脂肪酸化学组成和水溶性大分子化合物分子量分布，以判断鸡粪添加对幼虫生长的影响。【结果】 黑水虻幼虫生长测定显示，饲料中鸡粪比例超30%时，体重增长显著减少；超过50%时，折干率显著下降（P<0.05）。营养成分积累分析揭示，鸡粪比例≤30%时，幼虫脂肪酸含量显著升高，但比例增加后，含量下降，而可溶性蛋白质和糖类成分含量稳定（P<0.05），说明适量鸡粪促进脂肪酸积累。GC-MS分析未发现油脂化学成分显著变化，主要成分为月桂酸、油酸和棕榈酸，且均为共有成分。HPGPC-ELSD结果显示，鸡粪≤30%时，色谱图上，在保留时间16.5和20 min处均有明显的色谱峰，40%和50%时第一个主峰出现峰裂，比例达到80%时，第二个主峰消失，表明高比例鸡粪可能导致大分子断裂或抑制低分子聚合或产生。【结论】 黑水虻幼虫的生长和营养积累受鸡粪豆粕配比影响，过高的鸡粪比例对幼虫生长不利，而鸡粪含量不超过30%时，对幼虫生长和营养积累的影响不显著。因此，综合考虑鸡粪利用率的前提下，30%鸡粪添加比例最适宜黑水虻幼虫饲养。

Abstract  [Aim]  To evaluate the effect of chicken manure supplementation on the growth of Hermetia illucens larvae (HiL), and determine the optimal proportion of chicken manure (PCM) to add to feed. [Methods]  Different ratios of chicken manure were added to soybean meal and fed to HiL. The growth status of HiL was evaluated by measuring changes in larvae weight and dry matter. Fatty acids and water-soluble components were extracted from larvae using petroleum ether and distilled water, respectively, combined with ultrasonic technology. To investigate the accumulation of key nutrients in the larvae extract, the bicinchoninic acid and phenol-sulfuric acid methods were used to measure the water-soluble protein and sugar content, respectively. To determine the effect of chicken manure feed supplementation on larval growth, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a High-Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography-Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (HPGPC-ELSD) were used to analyze the chemical composition of fatty acids and the molecular weight distribution of water-soluble macromolecules in larvae, respectively. [Results]  Growth measurements from HiL indicated a significant decrease in larval weight gain when the proportion of chicken manure in the feed exceeded 30%. Additionally, when the proportion exceeded 50%, the dry weight ratio significantly decreased (P<0.05). Nutrient accumulation analysis revealed that when the proportion of chicken manure added to feed was ≤30%, the fatty acid content of the larvae significantly increased, but decreased as the proportion increased. However, the content of soluble protein and sugar components remained stable (P<0.05), indicating that moderate chicken manure supplementation promotes fatty acid accumulation. GC-MS analysis did not find any significant changes in the chemical composition of lipids, with lauric acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid identified as common primary components. The HPGPC-ELSD results demonstrated obvious chromatographic peaks at retention times of 16.5 min and 20 min when the feed incuded ≤30% chicken manure. However, the first main chromatographic peak appeared to split when the proportion was increased to 40% and 50%. At 80%, the second main peak disappeared, indicating that a high proportion of chicken manure may cause macromolecular fracture or inhibit low molecular weight polymerization or production. [Conclusion]  The quantity of chicken manure added to soybean meal influences the HiL growth and nutrient accumulation. A high proportion of chicken manure can inhibit larval growth. However, when the proportion of chicken manure does not exceed 30%, its effect on larval growth and nutrient accumulation is not significant. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, a maximum of 30% chicken manure is considered the optimal proportion for supplementing HiL feed.