摘  要  【目的】 首次报道我国象胃蝇属新纪录，记录亚洲象胃蝇Cobboldia elephantis产卵习性，确定了其孵化的条件并对1龄幼虫的形态进行描述，与胃蝇属Gasterophilus、犀胃蝇属Gyrostigma其他物种形态进行比较。【方法】 野外观察并记录亚洲象胃蝇的产卵习性；实验室测试亚洲象胃蝇幼虫的孵化条件，记录幼虫孵化过程，对卵及1幼虫的形态鉴别特征进行描述。【结果】 野外记录到亚洲象胃蝇产卵于象牙基部，卵块为紧密相接的排布方式，计数了单侧象牙被寄生的卵量为56-385枚之间；实验表明亚洲象胃蝇幼虫需在水中孵化，水温达到35 ℃时幼虫孵化时间为5 min，与亚洲象在3-5月份野外活动时段当地的最高气温相吻合，也符合亚洲象需要经常沐浴或泥浴来维持体表水分的特点；通过观察1龄幼虫的形态特征，发现亚洲象胃蝇口钩侧面存在两对副口钩、未发现剑状的唇基、后气门不突出于虫体且尾节末端存在棘刺等明显有别于胃蝇属及犀胃蝇属已知物种的特征。【结论】 胃蝇亚科在我国记录增至2属，明确了象胃蝇属1龄幼虫的形态鉴别特征。鉴于该类群为野生动物胃蝇蛆病的病原体，建议对亚洲象等濒危动物持续实施胃蝇蛆病监测，采取必要的保护措施。

Abstract  [Aim]  This study reports a new record of the genus Cobboldia in China. The oviposition habits of Cobboldia elephantis are documented; the condition of hatching is tested, and the morphology of the first-instar larvae is described, and compared with that of the genera Gasterophilus and Gyrostigma. [Methods]  Field observations were conducted to record the oviposition habits of C. elephantis. The conditions of hatching were tested in the laboratory environment. The morphology of the eggs and first-instar larvae was observed, and the diagnostic characters were photographed and described in detail. [Results]  In the field, C. elephantis lay eggs at the base of elephant tusks, the egg clusters were tightly packed, with the number on one tusk ranging from 56 to 385. The eggs of C. elephantis require water to hatch, and can hatch in 5 minutes at 35 ℃, which corresponds to the climate of the habitats of Asian elephants during our field study period between March to May. This hatching condition also aligns with the frequent bathing or mud-bathing behavior of Asian elephants to maintain moisture on their skin. The morphological features of the first-instar larvae of C. elephantis are obviously different from that of the known species of Gasterophilus and Gyrostigma, with two pairs of accessory mouthhooks on the outside of the mouthhooks, no sword-shaped labrum, the posterior spiracular that does not protrude from the body, and spines on the end of body. [Conclusion]  The records of the subfamily Gasterophilinae in China has increased to two genera, and the identification characteristics of the first-instar larvae of Cobboldia are clarified. Considering that these taxa are all pathogens myiasis in wild animals, this study also provides a practical method to monitor the infection of stomach bot flies for endangered animals such as Asian elephants as a protective measures.