摘  要  【目的】 柑桔全爪螨 Panonychus citri 是柑桔等芸香科作物的主要害虫，极易暴发成灾。为明确在规模化种植新模式下柑桔全爪螨的发生规律及成灾原因，本文以世界柠檬主产区重庆潼南柠檬园为对象，调查了柑桔全爪螨的发生规律，并结合新的气候条件研究了柑桔全爪螨对极端温度的可塑性，旨在为害螨的监测预警及暴发成灾研究提供参考。【方法】 选取柠檬核心种植区3个代表柠檬园，调查了2020-2022年间螨的空间格局和数量动态，分析了害螨成灾的关键气候因子。在此基础上，研究了不同季节螨对关键生态因子温度变化的可塑性。【结果】 调查发现柠檬园的柑桔全爪螨在3-4月和9-11月分别出现2次盛发期，盛发时期种群主要集中于树冠上部；盛发期后，柑桔全爪螨的分布以中下部为主，且叶面螨量显著高于叶背。温度是柑桔全爪螨发生数量的关键气候因子，除平均温度外，极端高温和低温对柑桔全爪螨种群数量的影响较大。此外不同季节柑桔全爪螨对温度的可塑性也存在差异，如冬季螨对低温的耐受性更强，而对高温的耐受性较弱，夏季螨则反之，对高温的耐受性更强，对低温的耐受性更弱；春季螨对高、低温均有一定的耐受性。【结论】 在新的种植模式、管理措施和气候条件等叠加影响下，柑桔全爪螨在柠檬园常年发生，已经成为柠檬园关键防治对象。温度是影响该螨发生的主要气候因子，一年有2个盛发期。虽然柑桔全爪螨种群数量受平均温度和极端温度的限制比较明显，但不同季节的螨对极端温度的耐受性存在差异，可能是其适应环境变化与进化的表现，表明害螨对温度胁迫具有很强的可塑性。

Abstract  [Aim]   To improve the monitoring of the mite Panonychus citri, which has frequent outbreaks in citrus and other Rutaceae crops, and improve understanding of the mechanism responsible for outbreaks of this pest. [Methods]  The temporal occurrence patterns of P. citri were investigated in lemon orchards in Tongnan, Chongqing, the main lemon producing area in the world, from 2020 to 2022. The plasticity of P. citri to extreme thermal stress was also investigated. Three representative lemon orchards were selected as representative orchards in the core lemon planting area to investigate the spatial pattern and population dynamics of P. citri, and to analyze the key climatic factors responsible for outbreaks of this pest. [Results]  P. citri was found in lemon orchards from March to April and from September to November. Most were found in the upper crown of lemon trees during the period of occurrence. However, after the period of occurrence most were found in the middle and lower part of lemon trees. During this period the mite population on the adaxial leaf surface was significantly higher than that on the abaxial surface. Temperature, including the average, maximum and minimum, was the key climatic factor affecting the occurrence of P. citri. There were differences in the plasticity of P. citri collected in different seasons; those collected in winter were more tolerant of low temperatures and less tolerant of high temperatures, whereas those collected in summer were more tolerant of high temperatures and less tolerant of low temperatures. Mites collected in spring had intermediate tolerance to both high and low temperatures. [Conclusion]  P. citri is present year-round in lemon orchards in Tongnan under current management and climatic conditions, and has become a key target for control. There are two annual peaks of occurrence and temperature is the main climatic factor affecting the occurrence of this pest. Although the population size of P. citri is limited by the average and extreme temperature, its tolerance to extreme temperatures varies seasonally, which suggests that this pest has a strong plasticity to temperature stress.