三种波长紫外线对椭圆食粉螨的防治效果比较
Comparative analysis of the control effects of three ultraviolet wavelengths on Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau)
孙文萱，邹 杨，苗 罡，张锦楠，郑洪峰，杨远发，邹志文
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.065
作者单位：南昌大学生命科学学院，南昌 330031；2. 福安艾斯博动力设备有限公司，宁德 355017
中文关键词：椭圆食粉螨；紫外线；半致死时间；生殖力；Vg
英文关键词： Aleuroglyphus ovatus; ultraviolet; semi-lethal time; fecundity; Vg
中文摘要：
摘 要 【目的】 椭圆食粉螨Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau)是自然环境中最常见的储藏物害螨之一，造成了严重的经济损失。本研究旨在探究不同条件紫外线（Ultraviolet，UV）对于椭圆食粉螨的生理影响、卵孵化率和产卵量影响，以求为居家环境及储备粮仓除螨提供理论依据和防治新思路。【方法】 使用不同波长紫外线UV-A（365 nm）、UV-B（308 nm）和UV-C（254 nm），功率均为15 W，分别处理各个发育历期（卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨、成螨）的椭圆食粉螨，统计其死亡率、卵孵化率、产卵量并对比昆虫卵黄原蛋白（Vitellogenin，Vg）基因表达量，最后使用IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0和GraphPad Prism 9.5.0对数据进行统计分析。【结果】 比较3种波长处理组的结果，UV-B的影响最大，照射180 min后，椭圆食粉螨各虫态死亡率均达100%。在时间方面，死亡率与照射时间呈正相关，即在相同距离下，照射时间越长，粉螨的死亡率越高。在紫外线短期辐射后，产卵量（除日产卵量外）和Vg基因表达量均显著提高或存在升高趋势（P < 0.05）。UV-C导致的椭圆食粉螨雌成螨生殖力提高最为显著（P < 0.05），产卵量增加51.15%。【结论】 3种波长的紫外线均对椭圆食粉螨的生长发育有抑制作用，且UV-B对螨的杀灭效果优于UV-A和UV-C。在不同应用场景中，可以使用UV-B辐射灯进行高效除螨。
英文摘要：
Abstract [Aim] Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) is a widespread storage mite that causes serious economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths on the survival, hatching rate, and fecundity of A. ovatus, providing a theoretical basis and an innovative approach for managing mite infestations in domestic environments and grain storage areas. [Methods] The mortality of A. ovatus at each developmental stage (adult, tritonymph, protonymph, larvae, and egg), egg hatching rate, egg laying capacity, and vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression were measured after treatments with UV-A (365 nm), UV-B (308 nm), and UV-C (254 nm) (15 W). Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.5.0. [Results] Among the three wavelength treatment groups, UV-B demonstrated the most significant effect on A. ovatus. Following 180 minutes of UV-B irradiation, the mortality rate of A. ovatus reached 100% across all developmental stages. Furthermore, the mortality rate was positively correlated with the irradiation time. Following short-term ultraviolet radiation, there was a significant increase or an increasing trend in the number of eggs laid (in addition to the daily number of eggs) and an increase in the expression level of the Vg gene (P ˂ 0.05) The UV-C treatment group had a significantly higher reproductive capacity (51.15%) compared to the UV-A and UV-B treatment groups (P ˂ 0.05). [Conclusion] All three ultraviolet wavelengths can inhibit the growth and development of A. ovatus. The mortality effect of UV-B was superior to UV-A and UV-C. Therefore, UV-B radiation lamps can serve as an effective method for mite control across various application scenarios.